Development and Validation of the Current Concept of Major Depression

Maj, Mario

doi:10.1159/000329100

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…130 Although this DSM-based instrument for assessment of depression can allow reliable comparisons in an array of settings and facilitates tailoring of therapeutic interventions, this trend should not be viewed as the true representation of the construct of depression. 145 Construct validity tests how well a given psychological measure relates to measures of theory-driven constructs. Therefore, construct validation refers to the simultaneous procedure of measurement and theory validation.…”

Section: Content and Construct Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review

Wang

Gorenstein

2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

1,156

765

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Objective: To review the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as a self-report measure of depression in a variety of settings and populations. Methods: Relevant studies of the BDI-II were retrieved through a search of electronic databases, a hand search, and contact with authors. Retained studies (k = 118) were allocated into three groups: non-clinical, psychiatric/institutionalized, and medical samples. Results: The internal consistency was described as around 0.9 and the retest reliability ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. The correlation between BDI-II and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I) was high and substantial overlap with measures of depression and anxiety was reported. The criterion-based validity showed good sensitivity and specificity for detecting depression in comparison to the adopted gold standard. However, the cutoff score to screen for depression varied according to the type of sample. Factor analysis showed a robust dimension of general depression composed by two constructs: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative. Conclusions: The BDI-II is a relevant psychometric instrument, showing high reliability, capacity to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed subjects, and improved concurrent, content, and structural validity. Based on available psychometric evidence, the BDI-II can be viewed as a costeffective questionnaire for measuring the severity of depression, with broad applicability for research and clinical practice worldwide.

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Section: Content and Construct Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review

Wang

Gorenstein

2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

1,156

765

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The development of the concept of major depression , the experimental study of major depression in animals, and neuroimaging studies in humans have shed new light on how neural systems may be involved in this condition . For instance, with the introduction of functional neuroimaging techniques – such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – various candidate brain areas/networks for major depression have been proposed .…”

Section: Three Illustrative Mental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social neuroscience and its potential contribution to psychiatry

Cacioppo

Dulawa

et al. 2014

World Psychiatry

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Most mental disorders involve disruptions of normal social behavior. Social neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding the biological systems underlying social processes and behavior, and the influence of the social environment on biological processes, health and well-being. Research in this field has grown dramatically in recent years. Active areas of research include brain imaging studies in normal children and adults, animal models of social behavior, studies of stroke patients, imaging studies of psychiatric patients, and research on social determinants of peripheral neural, neuroendocrine and immunological processes. Although research in these areas is proceeding along largely independent trajectories, there is increasing evidence for connections across these trajectories. We focus here on the progress and potential of social neuroscience in psychiatry, including illustrative evidence for a rapid growth of neuroimaging and genetic studies of mental disorders. We also argue that neuroimaging and genetic research focused on specific component processes underlying social living is needed.

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“…Depression is a mood disarray in which someone experiences symptoms like joylessness, insignificance, declined attentiveness, unhappiness, worthlessness, aggravation and irritability [11]. About 1 in 5 people are reported to experience one episode of depression and females are two times more prone to this than males [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic, Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Ficus benghalensis in Behavioral Experimental Models

Malik¹,

Javaid²,

Rasool³

et al. 2020

Medicina

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Background and Objectives: Ficus benghalensis (FB) is a commonly found tree in Pakistan and its various parts have folkloric importance in managing neurological ailments. In the present study, methanolic extract of its bark has been tested on an experimental animal model to evaluate memory-enhancing, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities to validate the claimed therapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of freshly isolated bark was prepared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical studies and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis for the presence of phytocomponents. To evaluate its effect on spatial learning, passive-avoidance test–step through (PAT-ST), Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were carried out. Open-field (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were employed to explore the anti-anxiety potential of FB while a forced swimming test (FST) was utilized to assess its anti-depressant prospective. FB doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg with positive and negative controls given to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Results: phytochemical studies showed the presence of various phytoconstituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, phenolics and anthraquinones. The presence of synephrine, aspargine, glucose, fructose and fatty acids was revealed by GC–MS analysis. FB administration led to significant improved memory retention when evaluated through passive avoidance (p < 0.05), Y-maze (p < 0.05) and Morris water maze (p < 0.05) tests in a scopolamine model of amnesic rats. When tested by open field and elevated plus maze tests, FB demonstrated anxiety-resolving characteristics (p < 0.05) as animals dared to stay in open areas more than a control group. Mobility time was increased and immobility time was reduced (p < 0.05–0.01) in rats treated with FB, unveiling the anti-depressant importance of F. benghalensis. Conclusion: methanolic extract of F. benghalensis bark furnished scientific proof behind folkloric claims of the memory improving, anxiety-reducing and depression-resolving characteristics of the plant. These activities might be possible due to interaction of its phytoconstituents with serotonergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic and GABAergic systems in the brain.

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Development and Validation of the Current Concept of Major Depression

Cited by 28 publications

References 110 publications

Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review

Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review

Social neuroscience and its potential contribution to psychiatry

Amelioration of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic, Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Ficus benghalensis in Behavioral Experimental Models

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