Development, larvicide activity, and toxicity in nontarget species of the Croton linearis Jacq essential oil nanoemulsion

Bioactive Essential Oils from Cuban Plants: An Inspiration to Drug Development

“…[24,25], while two chemotypes were observed for D. ambrosioides [18,19], Croton linearis Jacq. [28,29] and M. leucadendra [36,37]. Nevertheless, the chemical biodiversity should be analyzed in greater detail with a higher number of EOs extracted from Cuban plants.…”

“…It is known that the use of biological agents such as EOs is an alternative to synthetic insecticides, which are not selective, are damaging to non-target organisms including humans, and lead to resistance [61]. In this sense, Cuban EOs could be useful, including the EO from C. linearis, which was formulated and optimized as an essential oil-loaded nanoemulsion [29]. This preparation showed a potent larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti (LC 50 = 17.8 µg/mL), without toxicity: it showed no hemolytic effect on murine erythrocytes and no cytotoxicity against human lung fibroblasts, and did not show acute oral toxicity in rats [29].…”

“…In this sense, Cuban EOs could be useful, including the EO from C. linearis, which was formulated and optimized as an essential oil-loaded nanoemulsion [29]. This preparation showed a potent larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti (LC 50 = 17.8 µg/mL), without toxicity: it showed no hemolytic effect on murine erythrocytes and no cytotoxicity against human lung fibroblasts, and did not show acute oral toxicity in rats [29]. In the same way, the essential oil from P. racemosa was recommended for field surveillance of the use of various formulations in insect control programs of Blattella germanica, due to the insecticidal activity of the oil, with LD 50 = 15.6% [39].…”

“…It is worth pointing out that several Cuban EOs showed biological activities in more than one assay. For example, EO from B. graveolens displayed antileishmanial and antitumoral activity [27], C. linearis displayed antiprotozoal [28] and insecticidal activity [29], C. sinensis displayed antibacterial [20] and anthelmintic activity [38], M. leucadendra displayed antiprotozoal, antitumoral [36] and antioxidant activity [37], M. paniculata displayed antibacterial and antioxidant activity [45], P. aduncum displayed antibacterial [41] and antiprotozoal activity [40], P. amboinicus displayed antiprotozoal and antitumoral activity [32], and P. auritum displayed antileishmanial [43] and antioxidant effects [41]. These observations demonstrate that EOs have multiple biological effects or can hit a vast diversity of biological targets, probably due to their inherent chemical diversity.…”

Interactions of Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) essential oil against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

“…They are promising products in the research and development of bioinsecticides because they interact with the nervous system of insects due to anticholinesterase activity, inhibition, or antagonism of gamma-aminobutyric receptors (Braga et al, 2007) or acting on the digestive system (Camaroti et al, 2018). Therefore, they play an important part in the control of agricultural pests (Deb et al, 2020), urban vectors (Bouabida et al, 2020;Zeghib et al, 2020), and insecticide formulations, since they present low toxicity and are alternatives to the use of synthetic insecticides (Sharma et al, 2020;Amado et al, 2020).…”