Development of a facile system for mass production of Brugia malayi in a small-space laboratory

Saeung, Atiporn; Choochote, Wej

doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3504-2

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The study of these important pathogens is made particularly difficult due to the inability to maintain most of these parasites outside of the human host, requiring extraction from human blood or tissue. B. malayi remains the only human filarial parasite that can be maintained in small laboratory animals [3–6]. Thus, the generation of high- quality genomes and transcriptomes is essential to interpret critical proteomic information, and to study the unique biology of these different filarial parasites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from the genomes and transcriptomes of filarial nematodes

Grote

Lustigman

Ghedin

2017

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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Human filarial infections are a leading cause of morbidity in the developing world. While a small arsenal of drugs exists to treat these infections, there remains a tremendous need for the development of additional interventions. Recent genome sequences and transcriptome analyses of filarial nematodes have provided novel biological insight and allowed for the prediction of novel drug targets as well as potential vaccine candidates. In this review, we discuss the currently available data, insights gained into the metabolism of these organisms, and how the filaria field can move forward by leveraging these data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons from the genomes and transcriptomes of filarial nematodes

Grote

Lustigman

Ghedin

2017

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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“…malayi , that originated from a resident of the Bang Paw district, Narathiwat Province, South Thailand, at the animal house of the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand [ 31 ]. We followed the systematic procedures as described by Saeung & Choochote [ 32 ] for parasite maintenance. This provides a simple system for maintenance and mass production of B .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses of Aedes togoi, Anopheles paraliae and Anopheles lesteri against nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi microfilariae during migration from the midgut to the site of development

et al. 2018

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BackgroundLymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-borne disease caused by filarioid nematodes. A comparative understanding of parasite biology and host-parasite interactions can provide information necessary for developing intervention programmes for vector control. Here, to understand such interactions, we choose highly susceptible filariasis vectors (Aedes togoi and Anopheles lesteri) as well as Anopheles paraliae, which has lower susceptibility, infected them with nocturnally subperiodic (NSP) Brugia malayi microfilariae (mf) and studied the exsheathment, migration and innate immune responses among them.MethodsMosquito-parasite relationships were systematically investigated from the time mf entered the midgut until they reached their development site in the thoracic musculature (12 time points).ResultsResults showed that exsheathment of B. malayi mf occurred in the midgut of all mosquito species and was completed within 24 h post-blood meal. The migration of B. malayi mf from the midgut to thoracic muscles of the highly susceptible mosquitoes Ae. togoi and An. lesteri was more rapid than in the low susceptibility mosquito, An. paraliae. Melanisation and degeneration, two distinct refractory phenotypes, of mf were found in the midgut, haemocoel and thoracic musculature of all mosquito species. Melanisation is a complex biochemical cascade that results in deposition of melanin pigment on a capsule around the worms. Also, some biological environments in the body are inhospitable to parasite development and cause direct toxicity that results in vacuolated or degenerated worms. Even though Ae. togoi is highly susceptible to B. malayi, melanisation responses against B. malayi mf were first noted in the haemocoel of Ae. togoi, followed by a degeneration process. In contrast, in An. lesteri and An. paraliae, the degeneration process occurred in the haemocoel and thoracic musculature prior to melanisation responses.ConclusionThis study provides a thorough description of the comparative pathobiology of responses of mosquitoes against the filarial worm B. malayi.

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“…In vivo drug assays have the advantage of allowing the investigation of drug effects in their intended physiological contexts, but are low-throughput and costly (Saeung and Choochote, 2013). Such an approach is more suited for the testing of a specific compound of interest (Lakshmi et al 2010;Wenkert et al 2010;Ceballos et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mammalian hosts are used to prime filarial parasites for a successful molt and continue to be the platform used to provide B. malayi at all life-cycle stages for research purposes (Chen and Howells, 1979;Wisnewski and Weinstein, 1993). Meanwhile, reliable, animal model systems are costly and complex (Saeung and Choochote, 2013). The extensive and current use of animal models indicates a deficiency in the cultivation of B. malayi in vitro (Michalski et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have explored how to successfully culture Brugia malayi from L3 to sexually mature adulthood in vitro (Riberu et al 1990;Smillie et al 1994;Falcone et al 1995). Additionally, many attempts have been made to develop an in vitro cultivation system that provides a suitable platform for the life cycle of filarial parasites, which would allow for the effective screening of new drugs (Taylor, 1960;Mak et al 1983;Saeung and Choochote, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of culture and analysis methods for enhancing long-term Brugia malayi survival, molting and motility in vitro

et al. 2018

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Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by roundworm parasites such as Brugia malayi that spread via a mosquito vector. In vitro culture of these parasites provides controlled conditions to understand parasite biology and provides a cheaper way to screen potential micro-and macrofilaricides. Published studies have used a wide array of approaches and metrics regarding in vitro cultures of B. malayi; as a result, drawing comparisons and identifying the reasons why inability to reproduce outcomes are difficult. This study sought to determine conditions that ensure reproducible outcomes and used evaluation metrics that are easily measured and can be automated to ensure objectivity. We found culturing B. malayi third-stage larvae (L3) in endothelial basal media supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and 75 µM ascorbic acid in a temperature-and humidity-controlled incubator produced better survival and molting rates as well as longer and more motile parasites than previously reported. The benefit of ascorbic acid seemed to be unique to L3 parasites, as the addition of ascorbic acid to adult parasites had no significant impact on survival or motility. The methods reported in this study will help in designing experiments for both parasite behaviour studies and drug screening applications for disease eradication.

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Development of a facile system for mass production of Brugia malayi in a small-space laboratory

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Lessons from the genomes and transcriptomes of filarial nematodes

Lessons from the genomes and transcriptomes of filarial nematodes

Immune responses of Aedes togoi, Anopheles paraliae and Anopheles lesteri against nocturnally subperiodic Brugia malayi microfilariae during migration from the midgut to the site of development

Optimization of culture and analysis methods for enhancing long-term Brugia malayi survival, molting and motility in vitro

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