Development of a Flow‐Specific Floodplain Inundation Model to Assess Alligator Gar Recruitment Success

Abstract

Alligator Gars Atractosteus spatula historically ranged throughout the lower Mississippi River basin and in the coastal river basins of the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Mexico, but they have now experienced population reductions or extirpations in many parts of their range. Hydrologic alterations of river systems leading to reduced river–floodplain connectivity are thought to be a main contributor to these declines. To better conserve and manage this species, it is important to understand how hydrologic processes influence floodplain connectivity and ultimately the recruitment success of Alligator Gars. Utilizing a one‐dimensional hydraulic model combined with high‐resolution digital elevation models, a high‐resolution floodplain inundation model for the middle Trinity River, Texas, was created. Available land use and vegetation data layers were overlaid to identify and quantify suitable Alligator Gar spawning habitat based on recently developed habitat suitability criteria. Finally, we used this model to estimate historic spawning habitat availability using a hydrologic time series analysis. These spawning habitat availability data were combined with hydrologic and water temperature data and correlated with historic Alligator Gar recruitment success using published year‐class strength data. Our results show that in the middle Trinity River Alligator Gar recruitment success was correlated with variables associated with spawning habitat availability from May to July. The multiple characteristics reflecting the extent, duration, and time that spawning habitats were available appeared to interact to produce exceptional Alligator Gar recruitment.

Headwater Streams and Wetlands are Critical for Sustaining Fish, Fisheries, and Ecosystem Services

“…This connectivity allows for gar dispersal between rivers and ephemeral floodplain headwaters, which is critical for sustaining this species (Robertson et al. ).…”

“…During late spring and summer high flows, adult gar move from rivers into small floodplain tributaries (and ditches) to spawn in flooded ephemeral wetlands and fields containing submerged vegetation (Solomon et al 2013;Kluender et al 2016). Recruitment success of juvenile gar is correlated with large, long-duration summer floods and spawning habitat availability (Buckmeier et al 2017;Robertson et al 2018). This connectivity allows for gar dispersal between rivers and ephemeral floodplain headwaters, which is critical for sustaining this species (Robertson et al 2018).…”

“…Recruitment success of juvenile gar is correlated with large, long-duration summer floods and spawning habitat availability (Buckmeier et al 2017;Robertson et al 2018). This connectivity allows for gar dispersal between rivers and ephemeral floodplain headwaters, which is critical for sustaining this species (Robertson et al 2018).…”

Fisheries Volume 44 Number 2 February 2019

“…During late spring and summer high fl ows, adult gar move from rivers into small fl oodplain tributaries (and ditches) to spawn in fl ooded ephemeral wetlands and fi elds containing submerged vegetation (Solomon et al 2013 ;Kluender et al 2016 ). Recruitment success of juvenile gar is correlated with large, long-duration summer fl oods and spawning habitat availability (Buckmeier et al 2017 ;Robertson et al 2018 ). This connectivity allows for gar dispersal between rivers and ephemeral fl oodplain headwaters, which is critical for sustaining this species (Robertson et al 2018 ).…”

Introduction to a Special Section: Angling for Dinosaurs—Status and Future Study of the Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Ancient Fishes

“…Floodplain inundation, an integral aspect of Alligator Gar recruitment success, is modeled by Robertson et al. (, this issue). Smith et al.…”