Development of a framework for truss-braced wing conceptual MDO

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Medium-Range Transonic Truss-Braced Wing Transport Aircraft

“…Figure 2.1 is a screenshot of the TBW formulation as an N 2 diagram in ModelCenter. The TBW framework used for these studies is adapted from that used for the long-range TBW studies at Virginia Tech [7] . A simple flowchart is given in Figure 2.2.…”

“…The seventeen load cases shown below in Table 2.1 are representative of the aircraft mission, but the computational impact is small enough for the loads to be incorporated into the MDO architecture. Table 2.1: Design Load Cases [7] The first 5 load cases are the principal design cases. These loads tend to directly impact the wing structural design.…”

“…The engine performance part calculates the thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) and the thrust available at sea level and at cruise. The following equations shows how the TSFC is found [7] , where T max,req is the maximum thrust required to complete the mission, SLS refers to static sea level, "cr" refers to the cruise condition, M cr is the cruise Mach number, and OAT is the operating altitude temperature [7] . The thrust available is a function of the cruise Mach number and the density ratio, σ, shown below.…”

“…The wing structural thicknesses are found using a fully-stressed design. This means that each member is designed to be fully stressed for one of the 17 static load cases based on the von Mises stress [7] .…”

“…The systems weights and payload weights come from a FLOPS weight calculation [11] . The aircraft configurations with wing spans larger than 118ft have a wing fold at the 59.5 ft half span and include a penalty to account for the folding mechanism [7] .…”