Development of a Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) to Screen for the Release of the Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A from Polymer Materials and Products

Abstract

One of the most important chemicals used in the production of polymer plastics and coatings is bisphenol A. However, despite the large number of studies on the toxicity and hormonal activity of BPA, there are still open questions and thus considerable media attention regarding BPA toxicity. Hence, it is necessary to develop a sensitive, simple, cost-efficient, specific, portable, and rapid method for monitoring bisphenol A and for high sample throughput and on-site screening analysis. Lateral flow immunoassays have potential as rapid tests for on-site screening. To meet sensitivity criteria, they must be carefully optimized. A latex microparticle-based LFIA for detection of BPA was developed. The sensitivity of the assay was improved by non-contact printing of spot grids as the control and test lines with careful parameter optimization. Results of the test could be visually evaluated within 10 min with a visual cut-off of 10 µg/L (vLOD). Alternatively, photographs were taken, and image analysis performed to set up a calibration, which allowed for a calculated limit of detection (cLOD) of 0.14 µg/L. The method was validated for thermal paper samples against ELISA and LC–MS/MS as reference methods, showing good agreement with both methods.

Latest Trends in Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) Detection Labels and Conjugation Process

“…The conjugation protocol performed by Raysyan and Schneider (2021) using carboxy latex beads was as follows: In 1 ml of MES buffer (50 mM, pH 6), 100 µl of blue LMP (diameter 0.276–0.325 µm) was added with stirring, followed by the addition of the activation solution containing 24 µl of 200 mM EDC and 240 µl of 200 mM sulfo-NHS, and stirred for 30 min. The obtained solution was centrifuged at 14,000 rpm and 10°C for 7 min and the LMP pellet was resuspended in 1 ml of 50 mM MES buffer (pH 6).…”

“…After addition of 30 µl ethanolamine to stop the conjugation reaction, the solution was incubated for another 30 min, then centrifuged at 14,000 rpm and 10°C for 7 min and resuspended in a blocking buffer containing 50 mM Tris with 0.5% BSA (pH 8.0). The LMP-IgG conjugated was used in the development of a LFIA for determination of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A ( Raysyan and Schneider, 2021 ).…”

Rapid immunoassay for dual-mode detection of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA based on Au@PdPt nanoparticles

“…13 Owing to its advantages of simplicity in operation, speed, high sensitivity, and costeffectiveness, LFIA has been widely used in various elds such as biomedicine, pathogen detection, drug detection, environmental monitoring, and food safety. [14][15][16][17][18] However, the sensitivity of traditional LFIA using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) as visual signals is generally lower than that of LFIA based on other metal nanoparticles. 19,20 Scientists have endeavored to improve the capabilities of LFIA, such as the sensitivity, accuracy and multitarget detection capability, by introducing new materials, technologies and methods.…”

Colloidal silver-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of profenofos pesticide residue in vegetables

“…Various LFIA products are commercially-available for the detection of biomarkers, proteins, drugs, and hormones in biomedicine, as well as chemical contaminants, bio-toxins, and pathogens in food safety and environmental monitoring. [1][2][3][4][5] Novel nanoparticle (NP) labels have been developed to improve the analytical performance of traditional AuNP-based LFIAs. Currently, the analytical sensitivity and/or limit of detection (LOD) of LFIAs can be enhanced using three types of NP as alternative labels: colored NPs (e.g., AuNPs, carbon NPs and colloidal magnetic NPs), luminescent NPs [e.g., quantum dots (QDs) and dye-doped NPs] and magnetic NPs (MNPs).…”