Development of a Methodological Approach to the Development of Bactericidal Glazes for Ceramic Tiles

Abstract

The aim of this work is developing a methodological approach to obtaining of bactericidal glazes for ceramic tiles. In this paper were identified the factors that determine the necessity of the development and implementation of bactericidal ceramic materials to protect public places. The most common methods of increasing biological resistance to the materials are described, namely: impregnation or surface treatment of materials with bactericidal liquids, regulation of materials surface properties, or injection of a bactericidal agent. The effect of the nature and particle size of the agent on its bactericidal properties are described. The main stages of the development of biocidal glass coatings (glazes), are identified, which include: the choice of a bactericidal agent and a glass matrix, a comprehensive assessment of the structure, physicochemical and service properties of the glaze and analysis of microbiological standards for evaluating the effectiveness of the inhibitory effect of glass coatings. It was established that existing methods for evaluating the bactericidal action should be adapted in accordance with existing sanitary standards for the operation of ceramic tiles. In this regard, to simulate the infection contamination of glass coatings, it is necessary: firstly, to use Escherichia coli as a test bioculture and to determine the range of permissible concentrations of colony forming units, and secondly, to use a qualitative diffusion method for migrating compounds and quantitative (aerosol and counting) methods for covalently linked bactericidal agents. Taking into account the constantly increasing anthropogenic environmental contamination, the toxic effect of bactericidal agents on living organisms, the biological activity of metals in the human body and their effect on the properties of glazes, it was determined that the oxides Ca, Mg, Zn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni are optimal biocidal agents as well as some of their salts. A methodological approach was developed that allows the development of prolonged-action bactericidal glazes for ceramic tiles under epidemiological threats. Keywords: glaze, ceramic materials, bactericidal agents, pathogenic microorganism.