Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of big blue octopus (Octopus cyanea), giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini), and common octopus (Octopus vulgaris)

Filling Analytical Gaps in Allergen Detection─Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Commercially Relevant Cephalopods and Gastropods in Food

“…To our knowledge, this real-time PCR system is the first system published, that can detect all commercially relevant cephalopods. This system will fill the existing gaps in the detection of cephalopods in food, as previously published systems have generally focused only on the detection of single species or families. ,,, …”

“…Furthermore, protein-based methods, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is a relatively simple and inexpensive method, have been shown to produce less-reliable results due to matrix interference, whereas DNA-based methods seem to have minor matrix effects. , Unlike proteins, DNA is much more stable and can be used more efficiently for species identification in processed food. Therefore, DNA-based real-time PCR systems are much more frequently used to detect any kind of DNA traces resulting from food adulteration or cross-contamination during the production process. , …”

“…Among them, the order Oegopsida accounts for more than 1.8 M t, followed by the order Myopsida (0.5 M t), Sepiida (0.4 M t), and Octopoda (0.4 M t). Due to ongoing food fraud and authenticity issues in the cephalopod food market, much work has been invested in the development of PCR systems to detect specific species or families of cephalopods. ,− Almost all commercially relevant cephalopods can be detected with the available systems. However, these systems use multiple primer sets and, most importantly, not all of them use probes as required by international standards based on molecular food analysis to verify PCR results .…”

“…Therefore, DNA-based real-time PCR systems are much more frequently used to detect any kind of DNA traces resulting from food adulteration or cross-contamination during the production process. 12,13 The class of cephalopods (Cephalopoda) consists of 876 species and about 3.7 million (M) metric tons (t) were caught in 2020. 14 Currently, cephalopods are not farmed in large-scale aquaculture.…”

Assessing the quality of octopus: From sea to table

“…In this regard, squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) is usually used for sale because it is a species of lower commercial value but morphologically very similar to those of the octopus (Pardo et al., 2018). This has forced the development of different methods that allow the authentication of common octopus ( O. vulgaris ), such as Forensically informative nucleotide sequencing and barcoding, PCR‐RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), real time PCR, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), recombinase polymerase amplification, and lateral flow assay (Lee et al., 2022; Velasco et al., 2021).…”