Development of a multivariate model with desirability‐based optimization for determination of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide by eco‐friendly HPLC method with fluorescence detection

Abstract

Determination of a widely used antihypertensive combination of atenolol and hydrochlorothiazide was achieved by rapid and eco-friendly high-performance liquid chromatography method combined with fluorescence detection. The response surface methodology is conducive to the complete separation of the two drugs in a shorter analysis time. The separation of the mixture was achieved using an Inertsil C18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µ). The mobile phase used was ethanol: potassium dihydrogen phosphate at pH 3 (65:35 v/v) and the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min. The fluorescence detector operated at excitation and emission wavelengths of 230 and 310 nm (atenolol) and 270 and 375 nm (hydrochlorothiazide). The linearity of the developed method covered a concentration of atenolol of 0.05-5 µg/mL and a concentration of hydrochlorothiazide of 0.02-1 µg/mL. The greenness of the developed method was evaluated by analytical eco-scale and the recently reported evaluation method, that is, green analytical procedure index, and it was found to be an excellent, sensitive, and green alternative to the reported methods. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and compared with the reference method. No significant difference was found in terms of accuracy.

Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer nanocomposite for solid-phase extraction and fluorimetric determination of hydrochlorothiazide

“…The presence of hydroxyl groups was confirmed by the appearance of a strong broad band at 3650–3000 cm −1 . 34 …”

“…The presence of hydroxyl groups was conrmed by the appearance of a strong broad band at 3650-3000 cm −1 . 34 For the FMIP, the absence of the hydroxyl band at 3500-3300 cm −1 negates the presence of bound water molecules; indicating that the FMIP sample was well dried prior to the FTIR measurement. The broad absorption band positioned at a wavenumber higher than 2000 cm −1 is a typical band of conducting PANI.…”

Voltammetric determination of hydrochlorothiazide at a modified carbon paste electrode with polypyrrole nanotubes

“…The various techniques available for the selective and sensitive detection of HCTZ include HPLC, capillary zone electrophoretic, spectrophotometric/HPLC and electrochemical methods [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Electrochemistrybased methods can be employed considering their lower cost, speediness, portability, reasonable selectivity, simple preparation process, suitable accuracy, and precision for the analysis of biological compounds, gas pollutants, drugs, food and water pollutants compounds [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Silencing of Salmonella typhimurium Pathogenesis: Atenolol Acquires Efficient Anti-Virulence Activities

“…Atenolol is used primarily to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heartbeats [ 40 , 41 ]. In the current study, the anti-QS activities and effects of atenolol were explored prior to its application as an anti-virulence agent adjuvant to antibiotics.…”