“…Membranes can be fabricated from both inorganic and organic polymeric materials, including but not limited to polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyaniline, polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyamide (PA), polyimide (PI), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (Khajouei et al, 2018;Shahrabi et al, 2018;Ashok et al, 2019;Chong and Wang, 2019;Khumalo et al, 2019;Abriyanto, 2021). Among these, PVDF stands out, being extensively employed as the primary membrane material due to its remarkable attributes of high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and Cite this as: Zatadini, R., Ni'mah, A. F., Setiawan, Y., Pradita, A. L., Pratiwi, D. V., Syakirina, D., Insani, M. V., Naufal, W. M., Rayhani, W., Saputra, O.…”