“…For detection, spectroscopic methods are generally used, including mainly UV-Vis spectrometry [7], atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) [8,9], and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) [10]. For Cr(III) and Cr(VI) speciation, mostly in water samples, a wide variety of separation and sample pretreatment techniques such as ion-exchange [11], adsorption on a resin or biosorbent [12,13], solvent extraction [14], solid phase extraction [9,15], cloud-point extraction [16], electrochemical methods [17], and coprecipitation [18,19] have been studied in the literature as off-line methods. However, these methods have some disadvantages.…”