Development of a replicative plasmid for gene expression in Mycoplasma bovis

Li, Jiahe; Zhang, Jixiang; Zhang, Ning; Zhang, Yuewei; Wu, Wenxue; Li, Jinxiang

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2014.11.005

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Studies of M. bovis pathogenesis have been hindered by the lack of a robust animal model, the costs and logistics associated with large animal studies and the relative lack of genetic tools, although the latter is being mitigated by the recent development of useful vectors and transformation systems (Bonnefois et al., ; Chopra‐Dewasthaly, Zimmermann, Rosengarten, & Citti, ; Li et al., ; Sharma, Citti et al., ). Nevertheless, progress has been made in certain critical areas of pathogenesis, most notably in the identification of adhesins and in function assignment of additional surface proteins (Adamu, Wawegama, Browning, & Markham, ).…”

Section: The Causative Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Calcutt

Lysnyansky

Sachse

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

103

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There is a worldwide problem of disease caused by Mycoplasma (M.) bovis in cattle; it has a significant detrimental economic and animal welfare impact on cattle rearing. Infection can manifest as a plethora of clinical signs including mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media and genital disorders that may result in infertility and abortion. Current diagnosis and control information are reviewed and analysed to identify gaps in knowledge of the causative organism in respect of the disease pathology, diagnosis and control methods. The main considerations are as follows: no vaccines are commercially available; antimicrobial resistance is increasing; diagnostic and antimicrobial sensitivity testing needs to be improved; and a pen-side test would facilitate more rapid diagnosis and implementation of treatment with antimicrobials. More data on host susceptibility, stress factors, immune response and infectious dose levels are required. The impact of asymptomatic carriers, M. bovis survival in the environment and the role of wildlife in transmitting the disease also needs investigation. To facilitate development of vaccines, further analysis of more M. bovis genomes, its pathogenic mechanisms, including variable surface proteins, is required, along with reproducible disease models.

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Section: The Causative Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Calcutt

Lysnyansky

Sachse

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

103

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“…Above all, the mycoplasma genome coverage is limited, and completion is difficult and there are no effective and rapid means of genetic modification. Although the Tn4001 transposon or oric -plasmid has been used for single-gene knockouts, heavy screening work and low recombination frequency lead to appliance in rather few mycoplasma species (Karas et al, 2014; Li et al, 2015; Yamamoto et al, 2017). Therefore, we anticipate more advanced gene manipulation means will be developed in order to clarify unknown putative genes, which will be beneficial to better understand the cross-talk between mycoplasma and the host.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subversion of the Immune Response by Human Pathogenic Mycoplasmas

2019

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Mycoplasmas are a large group of prokaryotes which is believed to be originated from Gram-positive bacteria via degenerative evolution, and mainly capable of causing a wide range of human and animal infections. Although innate immunity and adaptive immunity play crucial roles in preventing mycoplasma infection, immune response that develops after infection fails to completely eliminate this bacterium under certain circumstances. Thus, it is reasonable to speculate that mycoplasmas employ some mechanisms to deal with coercion of host defense system. In this review, we will highlight and provide a comprehensive overview of immune evasion strategies that have emerged in mycoplasma infection, which can be divided into four aspects: (i) Molecular mimicry and antigenic variation on the surface of the bacteria to evade the immune surveillance; (ii) Overcoming the immune effector molecules assaults: Induction of detoxified enzymes to degradation of reactive oxygen species; Expression of nucleases to degrade the neutrophil extracellular traps to avoid killing by Neutrophil; Capture and cleavage of immunoglobulins to evade humoral immune response; (iii) Persistent survival: Invading into the host cell to escape the immune damage; Formation of a biofilm to establish a persistent infection; (iv) Modulation of the immune system to down-regulate the intensity of immune response. All of these features increase the probability of mycoplasma survival in the host and lead to a persistent, chronic infections. A profound understanding on the mycoplasma to subvert the immune system will help us to better understand why mycoplasma is so difficult to eradicate and ultimately provide new insights on the development of therapeutic regimens against this bacterium in future.

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“…Mycoplasma spp. have also been frequently reported as causal agents of bovine IBK, with Mycoplasma bovoculi being most prevalent (Li et al, 2015;Pinho et al, 2012;Schnee et al, 2015). One IBK outbreak was attributed to the synergistic action of Mycoplasma bovoculi and Mycoplasma bovis, following the possible predisposing effect of bovine respiratory disease (Levisohn et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of five bovine pinkeye pathogens

Zheng

Porter

Noll

et al. 2019

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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A B S T R A C TInfectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, is one of the most common eye diseases in cattle. Several pathogens have been associated with IBK cases, however, Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi, Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovoculi and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) are most frequently observed. A multiplex real-time PCR assay using two reactions was developed for the detection and differentiation of these five pathogens. Detection sensitivities of the multiplex assays were compared to singleplex reactions testing for the same targets. Correlation coefficients (R 2 ) of > 0.99, and PCR efficiencies between 92 and 106% were demonstrated in all singleplex and multiplex real-time PCR reactions. The limits of detection (LOD) of multiplex assays for Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi, Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovoculi and BHV-1 were 19, 23, 25, 24 and 26 copies per reaction, respectively. No cross amplification was observed for specificity testing of 179 IBK positive clinical samples and 55 non-target clinical samples. Percentage of clinical samples positive for Mycoplasma bovoculi, Moraxella bovoculi, Moraxella bovis, BHV-1 and Mycoplasma bovis were 88.8% (159/179), 75.9% (136/179), 60.3% (108/179), 11.7% (21/179) and 10.0% (18/179), respectively. Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi and Mycoplasma bovoculi were more prevalent than Mycoplasma bovis and BHV-1 in IBK samples collected from animals in this study population. Our data indicates that the multiplex real-time PCR panel assay is highly sensitive and highly specific for the detection and differentiation of the five major pathogens associated with bovine pinkeye. Fig. 3. The prevalence of the five pathogens in IBK samples. Panel A: Prevalence of the five pathogens from the 179 bovine ocular swab samples that were subjected to multiplex real-time PCR testing. Panel B: Co-infections among the three most prevalent IBK pathogens in the 179 positive clinical samples: 95 (53.0%) samples were positive for both Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi; 100 (55.8%) samples were positive for both Moraxella bovis and Mycoplasma bovoculi; 129 (72.0%) samples were positive for both Moraxella bovoculi and Mycoplasma bovoculi and 93 (51.9%) samples were positive for Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi and Mycoplasma bovoculi. W. Zheng, et al.

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Development of a replicative plasmid for gene expression in Mycoplasma bovis

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Gap analysis ofMycoplasma bovisdisease, diagnosis and control: An aid to identify future development requirements

Subversion of the Immune Response by Human Pathogenic Mycoplasmas

A multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection and differentiation of five bovine pinkeye pathogens

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