Development of a silver functionalised polyaniline electrochemical immunosensor for polychlorinated biphenyls

Abstract

An electrochemical immunosensor based on a silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)-doped polyaniline (PANI) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) transducer, wherein polyclonal anti-polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) antibody (Ab) was immobilized by a covalent linkage with glutaraldehyde (GA), was developed.

Boronic Acid Substituted Polyaniline Based Enzymatic Biosensor System for Catechol Detection

“…In this binding structure glutaraldehyde and primary amine groups create a schiff base (Figure S1) [33]. In the second structure, glutaraldehyde binding onto the secondary amine groups (−NH) in the PANI main chain and create an enamine group (Figure S2) [34]. In the prepared 3‐amino phenylboronic acid polymer (PABA) modified surfaces we have the same main chain with PANI (the prepared polymer only have boronic acid substitutes on PANI main chain‐ scheme 1).…”

Endocrine disrupting chemicals in water and recent advances on their detection using electrochemical biosensors

“…Another purpose of increasing the surface area is to provide sufficient space for the functionalization of biorecognition elements and hence to enhance selectivity and specificity. Metal nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), 159,161,164,165,169,185,188 silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), 132 PtNPs, 140 nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs), 160 bimetallic hybrids like gold/palladium nanorods (Au@Pd NRs), 136 and gold/platinum (AuPt), 133 or metal/metal oxide composites, including amino-functionalized magnetite and gold nanoparticles (H 2 N-Fe 3 O 4 /Au NPs), 144 CoFe 2 O 4 , 136 functional copper magnetic nanoparticles (CuFe 2 O 4 -Pr-SH), 141 and Ag-Cu 2 O, 148 not only promote electron transportation, but also have strong electrochemical activity and enzyme-like catalytic or electrocatalytic ability, which belong to another class of common functional supports. Additionally, biochar nanoparticles (BCNPs) can also exhibit excellent electrocatalytic properties as well as a large surface area and have been well-developed in electrochemical biosensing.…”

“…Some polymers containing amino groups such as poly (1,5-diaminonaphthalene) (P(1,5-DAN)) 129 and polyaniline (PANI), 132 can bind to antibodies through a direct and glutaraldehyde (GA)-linked interaction, respectively. AgNPs are capable of fixing thiol-terminated aptamers via the Ag-S bond, 132 while AuNPs have the ability to fix antigens, 130 thiolated aptamers 150,152,153 or complementary chains 149 via the Au-S bond. Moreover, Beiranvand et al 139 functionalized Fe 3 O 4 /AuNPs with amino groups to react with GA at first, leaving free aldehyde groups that were used to combine with non-thiolated aptamers.…”

“…Nonetheless, the LODs needed to be further improved. Moreover, some studies claimed that the specificity of the prepared electrochemical biosensors was not good enough to differentiate the target compound from its structural analogs, especially for PCBs 132 and alkylphenols, 108 from which the detection result only reflected a total concentration of the mixture. Furthermore, other EDCs, like PBDEs, PFOA, DDT as well as a wider range of suspected EDCs have no report on water sample detection using electrochemical biosensors.…”

Recent Advances in (Bio)Chemical Sensors for Food Safety and Quality Based on Silver Nanomaterials

“…Similar to pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants known by their toxic health effects, once widespread for industrial purposes ( 90 ). Antibodies as a recognition element were successfully immobilised on the AgNPs/PANI/GCE via glutaraldehyde linker in a immunosensor designed for PCB 28 detection ( 59 ). Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) generated a linear electrochemical response to PCB 28, but also provided a signal for benzyl chloride and PCB 180 interfering agents.…”