Development of a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites in rat whole blood after oral administration of a single high dose of CBD

Palazzoli, Federica; Citti, Cinzia; Licata, Manuela; Vilella, Antonietta; Manca, Letizia; Zoli, Michèle; Vandelli, Maria Angela; Forni, Flavio; Cannazza, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.054

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Table presents the summary of all LC‐based analytical methods for the quantification of cannabinoids in various animal samples published during 2010–2019 . All those LC methods were HPLC‐based, and there has been no report on the use of UPLC for animal sample during this period.…”

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method required only 50 μL for processing, which could be considered useful for repeated sampling regimens in small animals such as rodents, making this method cost effective, and suitable for the detection of the analytes over extended periods. Whole blood samples from rat administered with a single dose (50 mg/kg) of CBD ( 3 ) was analysed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS for the quantification of CBD ( 3 ), THC ( 12 ) and its metabolites . This method was shown to be highly sensitive and selective for simultaneous determination of cannabinoids 3 , 9 , 10 , 12 and THC‐COOH‐glucuronide in rat whole blood.…”

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)

Nahar

Önder

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Organic molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors are called cannabinoids, and they have similar pharmacological properties like the plant, Cannabis sativa L. Hyphenated liquid chromatography (LC), incorporating high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC, also known as ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC), usually coupled to an ultraviolet (UV), UV‐photodiode array (PDA) or mass spectrometry (MS) detector, has become a popular analytical tool for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids in various matrices. Objective To review literature on the use of various LC‐based analytical methods for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids published since 2010. Methodology A comprehensive literature search was performed utilising several databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with cannabinoids being present in all combinations, in the search were Cannabis, hemp, cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, analysis, HPLC, UHPLC, UPLC, quantitative, qualitative and quality control. Results Since 2010, several LC methods for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids have been reported. While simple HPLC‐UV or HPLC‐UV‐PDA‐based methods were common in cannabinoids analysis, HPLC‐MS, HPLC‐MS/MS, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐UV‐PDA, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS and UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS/MS, were also used frequently. Applications of mathematical and computational models for optimisation of different protocols were observed, and pre‐analyses included various environmentally friendly extraction protocols. Conclusions LC‐based analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids has dominated the cannabinoids analysis during the last 10 years, and UPLC and UHPLC methods have been shown to be superior to conventional HPLC methods.

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Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)

Nahar

Önder

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…We describe a robust, validated method for the quantification of eight cannabinoids in WB and THC in breath. The WB method expands on previously published approaches [19][20][21][22][23][24] and includes additional cannabinoids in a single 5-min run. The breath method offers a simplified, yet accurate approach to process and quantify THC in breath.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to detect cannabinoids in whole blood and breath

Hubbard

Smith²,

Sobolesky

et al. 2019

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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BackgroundThe widespread availability of cannabis raises concerns regarding its effect on driving performance and operation of complex equipment. Currently, there are no established safe driving limits regarding ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in blood or breath. Daily cannabis users build up a large body burden of THC with residual excretion for days or weeks after the start of abstinence. Therefore, it is critical to have a sensitive and specific analytical assay that quantifies THC, the main psychoactive component of cannabis, and multiple metabolites to improve interpretation of cannabinoids in blood; some analytes may indicate recent use.MethodsA liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify THC, cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), (±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC (THCCOOH), (+)-11-nor-Δ9-THC-9-carboxylic acid glucuronide (THCCOOH-gluc), cannabigerol (CBG), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) in whole blood (WB). WB samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and quantified by LC-MS/MS. A rapid and simple method involving methanol elution of THC in breath collected in SensAbues® devices was optimized.ResultsLower limits of quantification ranged from 0.5 to 2 μg/L in WB. An LLOQ of 80 pg/pad was achieved for THC concentrations in breath. Calibration curves were linear (R2>0.995) with calibrator concentrations within ±15% of their target and quality control (QC) bias and imprecision ≤15%. No major matrix effects or drug interferences were observed.ConclusionsThe methods were robust and adequately quantified cannabinoids in biological blood and breath samples. These methods will be used to identify cannabinoid concentrations in an upcoming study of the effects of cannabis on driving.

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“…Cannabidiol is the most abundant phytocannabinoid in cannabis. It has a terpenophenolic structure and hydroxyl groups in carbons 1 and 3 . CBD shares lipophilic characteristics with the rest of the cannabinoids, lacks psychoactive effects, and induces neuroprotective effects …”

Section: Is Cannabidiol a New Hope For Drug‐resistant Epilepsy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a terpenophenolic structure and hydroxyl groups in carbons 1 and 3. 31 CBD shares lipophilic characteristics with the rest of the cannabinoids, lacks psychoactive effects, 32 and induces neuroprotective effects. 33 The metabolism of CBD comprises oxidation and hydroxylation through different enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family (CYP450) (Figure 1).…”

Section: T a B L E 1 (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is cannabidiol a drug acting on unconventional targets to control drug‐resistant epilepsy?

Rocha¹,

Frías‐Soria²,

Ortíz

et al. 2020

Epilepsia Open

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Cannabis has been considered as a therapeutic strategy to control intractable epilepsy. Several cannabis components, especially cannabidiol (CBD), induce antiseizure effects. However, additional information is necessary to identify the types of epilepsies that can be controlled by these components and the mechanisms involved in these effects. This review presents a summary of the discussion carried out during the 2nd Latin American Workshop on Neurobiology of Epilepsy entitled “Cannabinoid and epilepsy: myths and realities.” This event was carried out during the 10th Latin American Epilepsy Congress in San José de Costa Rica (September 28, 2018). The review focuses to discuss the use of CBD as a new therapeutic strategy to control drug‐resistant epilepsy. It also indicates the necessity to consider the evaluation of unconventional targets such as P‐glycoprotein, to explain the effects of CBD in drug‐resistant epilepsy.

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Development of a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the determination of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites in rat whole blood after oral administration of a single high dose of CBD

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)

A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)

Validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to detect cannabinoids in whole blood and breath

Is cannabidiol a drug acting on unconventional targets to control drug‐resistant epilepsy?

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