Development of a three dimensional (3D) knitted scaffold for myocardial tissue engineering. Part II: biological performance of the knitted scaffolds

In Vitro Evaluation of a Pile Loop Knitted Scaffold for Myocardial Tissue Engineering Using C2c12 Cells

“…In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties (e.g., morphology, wettability, Young's modulus, cyclic loading) of the pile loop knit fabric made up of 100 denier textured PET yarns with a filament number of 48 in cross-section were analyzed for the purpose of being used as a scaffold for myocardial tissue engineering. An approximately 128% increase (20.7 micron versus 9.1 micron from the previous study [30]) in the diamater of filaments resulted in a structure with a pore network mainly consisting of macropores of 100-200 µm that were well interconnected with micropores (<90 µm). Furthermore, the mean values of the Young's modulus of the samples at 20% strain were 240.67 kPa in the warp direction, and 85.73 kPa in the weft direction, on the basis of the results of the true stress-strain curves.…”

“…This study demonstrated that an approximately 128% increase (20.7 micron versus 9.1 micron [30]) in the diamater of filaments, leading to a structure with a different pore network, did not adversely influence C2C12 cell viability on the scaffold. Furthermore, since the structure can provide control over the fiber diameter and porosity, the outcomes of the study would contribute to the design of ideal pile loop knitted scaffolds particularly for application of myocardial tissue engineering.…”

“…p-values smaller than 0.05 were considered significant. Few pores in polygonal shapes were observed just on the back side of the fabric, but not on the front side unlike the fabrics made up of textured PET yarns that had 144 filaments in cross-section [30,42]. The structure was recognized to provide a pore network mainly consisting of macropores of 100-200 µm that were well interconnected with micropores (<90 µm) as shown in Figure 2.…”

“…In this paper, 100 denier, nonintermingled, textured PET multifilament yarn with a filament count of 48 was used for producing a pile loop knit structure to investigate if structure could provide an appropriate microenvironment for the seeded C2C12 cells in case of increasing in filament diameter resulting in change in pore characteristics of fabric. In the previous study, greater proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts on full pile loop knitted fabric could be attributed to the fabric's high surface to volume ratio in comparison to half pile loop knitted fabric (It is referred to as full pile loop when ground and pile loops are knitted together at every round on the machine at full length of the fabric, and half pile loop when pile loops join the formation of knitting structure one in two rounds) [30]. However, not only the high surface to volume ratio but also pore sizes, in other words pore diameters, and the number of large pores in knitted structures could affect C2C12 cell proliferation and viability.…”

“…The overall goal of this research is to develop a cardiac patch to restore infarcted heart tissue. In the previous study, a pile loop knit fabric made up of 100 denier, intermingled, textured PET yarns that had 144 filaments in cross-section was used as a three dimensional scaffold for the culture of murine C2C12 cells [30].…”