Development of a UPLC-FLD Method for Detection of Aflatoxin B1 and M1 in Animal Tissue to Study the Effect of Curcumin on Mycotoxin Clearance Rates

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) are well-known carcinogens for humans and animals health. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography linked with fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD) method was optimized and validated. In addition, we investigated for the first time, the influence of curcumin on residue depletion of AFB1 and AFM1 in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues of broiler chickens and estimated a necessary clearance time required for AFB1 and AFM1 residues. The results showed that the average recoveries of AFB1 varied in liver, kidney, and muscles between 82.32–85.56, 85.34–88.45, and 84.88–89.73% respectively, while the average recoveries of AFM1 in liver, kidney, and muscles varied between 92.17–95.03, 94.12–97.21, and 95.32–98.51%, respectively. The detection limit of aflatoxin B1 was 0.008 ng/ml, while for aflatoxin M1 was 0.003 ng/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for AFB1 and AFM1 was 0.02 and 0.01 ng/ml, respectively. Clearance time for AFB1 and AFM1 residues were analyzed in two experimental groups of broilers. One group fed with dietary AFB1 (5.0 mg/kg feed) and other with curcumin+AFB1 diet (curcumin; 300 mg/kg feed, AFB1; 5.0 mg/kg feed). AFB1 and AFM1 residues clearance time was calculated based on LOQ using withdrawal time calculation software (WT1.4). Clearance time analyzed for AFB1 ranged from 11 to 19 days and for AFM1 ranged from 10 to 12 days at 95% confidence level. Interestingly, curcumin supplementation in the diet reduced the clearance time of AFM1 in liver and kidney but not in muscle tissues. Conclusively, the developed method can be appropriately used for the quality control testing of commercial broiler-meat processing companies, food manufacturers, and quality control laboratories.

The Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin M1 on Kidney through Regulating L-Proline and Downstream Apoptosis

“…Apart from being a hazard for the poultry industries and domestic animals, AFs are a critical public health threat, being responsible for Reyes syndrome and acute and chronic liver failure [ 12 ]. The metabolic and toxic effects of AFB1 and AFM1 are principally observed in the liver [ 13 – 15 ]; the lung might also be a target organ after exposures of inhalation and diet, and indeed evidences from both laboratory and epidemiologic study validate a carcinogenic effect of AFB1 on human lung tissue [ 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, several epidemiological studies implicate that AFB1 plays a role in the clinical incidence of gastroenteric tumors of Asians and Africans [ 18 , 19 ].…”

l-Proline Alleviates Kidney Injury Caused by AFB1 and AFM1 through Regulating Excessive Apoptosis of Kidney Cells

“…Several researchers have reported that they can lead to Reyes syndrome, neuropathy, respiratory diseases, renal injury, and liver damage [5,6]. The metabolic course of AFB1 and AFM1 are proved to be principally in the liver tissue [7,8,9]; lung and gastrointestinal tract are two other key targets which are susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of AFs [10,11,12]. AFB1 and AFM1 are also verified to be a pathogenic factor leading to underweight and hypoimmune young people [13,14].…”

Optimization of Baicalin, Wogonoside, and Chlorogenic Acid Water Extraction Process from the Roots of Scutellariae Radix and Lonicerae japonicae Flos Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

“…In general, lack of fit test was employed to analyze the variation in the data around the fitted model [16]. Previous report demonstrated that proper preparation of samples gives good recovery results [17]. Ekberg et al (2008) demonstrated that choosing of an extraction solvent which is easily available and cheap plays a crucial role in optimization of an extraction process [18].…”