“…Material assembly by droplet drying has been a subject of significant research interest over the last two decades owing to its broad applications such as inkjet printing, 1,2 surface coating, 3 biosensors, 4,5 and diagnostics. 6,7 Generally speaking, evaporation of droplets composed of insoluble materials can be summarized into three categories on the basis of the evaporation substrate: solid substrate (i.e., liquid-solid system), liquid substrate (i.e., liquid-liquid system), and suspended in air (i.e., liquid-air system).…”