Development of an ethogram for hutch-housed dairy calves and determination of factors influencing their behaviour

Ugwu, Nnenna; Love, Edgar J.; Murrell, Jo; Whay, HR; Knowles, Toby G; Hockenhull, Jo

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105165

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…in the shelters) compared to groups 1 and 5.In summary, 75.84% of calves were inside the shelter at the time of observation and only 24.16% of animals were outside. The findings ofChua et al (2002) andUgwu et al (2021) correspond with the findings of this study.According toWormsbecher et al (2017), 75.7% of animals were recorded as being outside the shelter in the summer months. Of these, 36.2% were standing and 47.4% were lying down.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…This equates to 76% of the length of the day. Ugwu et al (2021) evaluated the lying time of calves at different times of the day between 10:00 and 17:00. The calves were most active in the morning at 10.00 and then at 13:00 but exhibited resting behaviour around 12.00.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…disease in calves was reported by Swartz et al (2020), who describe a statistically significant lesser period spent lying down in calves with diarrheal disease. The behaviour of calves housed in individual pen-and-shelter systems, the development of an etogram for these purposes and the influence of various effects of this housing method, are addressed in the work of Ugwu et al (2021). They report extensively on the relationship between calf sex and some behavioural manifestations, such as tongue movement inside the mouth, tail wagging, and duration of walking around.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Lying Behaviour and Diarrhealmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behaviour of dairy-type calves has also been studied by authors like Pempek et al (2017), Ugwu et al (2021) and Swartz et al (2020). Conneely et al (2014) analyzed the effect of the amount of milk feed and the frequency of feeding on the behaviour, health, and body weight of the calves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the behaviour of dairy-type Simmental-Fleckvieh calves in outdoor pen-and-shelter systems

Falta,

Kopec,

Večeřa

et al. 2023

JCEA

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Calf behaviour in rearing systems is an important indicator of calf welfare and influences efficient dairy production.In this study, the behavioural patterns of dairy calves in outdoor individual pen-and-shelter units were investigated. The study was done over 12 months with 683 Simmental-Fleckvieh calves, kept for two months (pre-weaning) in outdoor individual pen-and-shelter units, and observed at monthly intervals. During the study the calves' lying and moving behaviour in the shelters were separately observed and evaluated. The ambient temperature outdoors was also recorded.Statistically significant relationships between the calf's season of birth, as well as the age of the calf and the evaluated forms of behaviour, were found. Outdoor ambient temperature was found to have a statistically significant effect on calf preference for standing or lying down. More standing calves than lying calves were recorded outdoors at higher outdoor ambient temperatures. Calves showed a clear preference for lying down, especially in the sheltered parts of the units (64.86%). Only 4.98% of the calves lay outside; 19.18% were standing outside, while 10.98% preferred standing inside the shelter. The calves lying down outside were significantly younger while older calves were lying inside the shelter.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Relationship Between Lying Behaviour and Diarrhealmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of the behaviour of dairy-type Simmental-Fleckvieh calves in outdoor pen-and-shelter systems

Falta,

Kopec,

Večeřa

et al. 2023

JCEA

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“…The presence of an observer can be stressful to animals and consequently in uence behaviour 33 , more so in prey animals like calves 34 . Cattle maybe fearful in the presence of unfamiliar persons and thus, exhibit measurable stress-induced changes in behavioural and physiology 35 such as in elevated spontaneous EBR observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blinking Patterns in Calves and Changes Following Restraint and Disbudding

Ugwu¹,

Love²,

Murrell³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The use of spontaneous eye blink rate [EBR] as a non-invasive stress measure is well documented in humans and is gleaning research attention in animal studies. Thus, this study investigated the EBR patterns and changes associated with two known stressful conditions, crush-restraint and disbudding, in dairy calves. Fifty-four female Holstein dairy calves were studied. EBR patterns were assessed in two separate studies (n = 10 in first study; n = 25 in replicate study) four times daily for 4-5 days. Additionally, the EBR of 19 calves divided into two groups (disbudded group = 13; sham group = 6) was recorded following crush-restraint and disbudding (under anaesthesia)/sham-disbudding (without anaesthesia). EBR was consistent across days and times in the first study but in the replicate study, it varied across days. The disbudded group had lower EBR following crush-restraint but was comparable with the sham group following disbudding. Findings suggest that spontaneous blinking may potentially serve as an instant measure of stress in dairy calves based on the elevations associated with crush-restraint and disbudding. However, blink rates may vary across days, and this should be considered when utilizing this measure to assess stress.

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Using Behaviour to Understand and Assess Welfare in Cattle

Haskell,

Langford

2023

Animal Welfare

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Development of an ethogram for hutch-housed dairy calves and determination of factors influencing their behaviour

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Analysis of the behaviour of dairy-type Simmental-Fleckvieh calves in outdoor pen-and-shelter systems

Analysis of the behaviour of dairy-type Simmental-Fleckvieh calves in outdoor pen-and-shelter systems

Blinking Patterns in Calves and Changes Following Restraint and Disbudding

Using Behaviour to Understand and Assess Welfare in Cattle

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