“…Another example of an ExRAMS analysis for infrastructure asset managers is given by Rijkswaterstaat (2012) as reliability, availability, maintainability, safety, security, environment, economics, health and politics (Ramssheep). Various studies have evaluated the effectiveness of the Ramssheep approach as well as commented on the ability to quantify values for each of the indicators (Litherland et al, 2019;Wagner, 2012;Wagner and Van Gelder, 2013). An alternative structure was proposed by Karim et al (2015), named Ram4S (reliability, availability, maintainability, safety, security, sustainability and supportability).…”