Development of an intracanal mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and its susceptibility to some antimicrobial intracanal medications; an in vitro study

Abstract

Objectives: To develop a mature biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis inside the root canal system and to test its susceptibility to some antimicrobial medications in vitro.Methods: Single rooted premolars were mechanically enlarged, sterilized, and then infected with a clinical isolate of E. faecalis. Biofilm formation and maturation was monitored using SEM. Biofilm bacteria were exposed to Amoxicillin+clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Doxycycline, and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medications for 1 week. Finally bacterial samples were collected, and colony-forming units were enumerated.Results: SEM examination confirmed the formation of a mature biofilm at the end of the incubation period. All the chemotherapeutic agents used were significantly better than Calcium hydroxide in elimination of biofilm bacteria. The antimicrobial effect of Amoxicillin + clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin was significantly better than Doxycycline (P=.05). However the difference in the antimicrobial effectiveness among them was statistically non-significant (P=.05).Conclusions: The method used for bacterial biofilm development and maturation is reliable and can be used to assess the anti bacterial potential of endodontic materials. Also, the local application of antibacterial agents can be beneficial in resistant cases of apical periodontitis but only after careful culture and sensitivity testing to choose the appropriate agent for the existing flora. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:43-50)

Atomic force microscopy of bacteria from periodontal subgingival biofilm: Preliminary study results

“…It can be underlined a group of small (0.2-0.3 μm wide, up to 10 μm large), intermediate (0.3-0.4 μm wide, up to 15 μm large) and large (0.5 μm or wider, up to 20 μm large) [Figure 2a – c ]. [ 6 15 ] High magnification of the small spirochete, acquired in “phase mode,” shows a knoblike structure in the upper end [ Figure 2d ]. Phase-mode acquisition is the device that is particularly useful for discerning fine details of the outer membrane, like roughness, vesicle, fimbria or pili.…”

“…Several researches demonstrated how periodontal diseases are influenced by the presence of bacterial species in the biofilms covering the dental surfaces. [ 6 ] The microbial composition of dental biofilms is based on studies of samples from mature dental plaque. Numerous investigations revealed how flagellated bacteria and spirochetes constitute the most common sub-gingival species in chronic periodontitis.…”

Analysis of Cause of Endodontic Failure of C-Shaped Root Canals

“…Microorganisms that have formed biofilms show a higher resistance to antimicrobial treatment. The disruption of biofilms and reduction of microorganisms can be achieved by a combination of mechanical instrumentation, irrigation with various devices, and application of antimicrobial medicaments in the root canal [24–26]. Therefore, agitation using ultrasonic files or a sonic device such as EndoActivator (Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA) can help to remove debris and necrotic pulp tissue from a C-shaped root canal system [27].…”

Effect of Different Concentrations of Double Antibiotics used in Regenerative Endodontic on MicroHardness and Fracture Resistance of Radicular Dentin

“…Endodontic treatment of nonvital teeth with incomplete apex is one of the most demanding treatments due to their slender, brittle and blunderbuss apices. Dental caries, trauma, and dental anomalies may lead to pulp necrosis of teeth with open apex due to the halt of root formation (1)(2)(3) . Artificial apical plug application by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) or Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Apexification are historically means of treating non vital teeth with open apex.…”