Development of Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Exchangeable Cr(VI) in Soils by Anion-exchange Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography with Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Detection

Ščančar, Janez; Zupančič, Marija; Milačić, Radmila

doi:10.1007/s11270-007-9436-7

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…However, in the case of chromium most analytical procedures are focused on the selective extraction and determination of Cr(VI) in the soil, due to its high toxicity and mobility. Various extraction procedures have been proposed to release Cr(VI) from soils [12,13,14,15]. Exchangeable (mobile) forms of Cr(VI) were extracted with KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 buffers [13,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various extraction procedures have been proposed to release Cr(VI) from soils [12,13,14,15]. Exchangeable (mobile) forms of Cr(VI) were extracted with KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 buffers [13,15,16]. Soluble (Na 2 CrO 4 ) and sparingly soluble chromates (CaCrO 4 , BaCrO 4 , PbCrO 4 ) were most often extracted with alkaline media, such as Na 2 CO 3 [17], Na 2 CO 3 -NaOH solutions [18], Na 2 CO 3 and NaOH with MgCl 2 and phosphate buffer (EPA method 3060A) [19,20,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far for chromium speciation analysis in various extracts of soil a combination of ion chromatography (IC) and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) with element-specific detection such as electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) was proposed [14,15,16,22,27,28,29]. The anion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography with ETAAS [11] or ICP MS [16] detection was used for the determination of exchangeable Cr(VI) in the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciation of Chromium in Alkaline Soil Extracts by an Ion-Pair Reversed Phase HPLC-ICP MS Method

Leśniewska

Godlewska‐Żyłkiewicz

2019

Molecules

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The aim of this work was to study by a hyphenated HPLC-ICP MS technique the chromium species released during alkaline extraction of various soils collected from a contaminated area of an old tannery. An ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure using 0.1 mol L−1 Na2CO3 solution was developed for the release of chromium species from the soil. The chromium species in the soil extracts were separated on a C8 column using EDTA and TBAH solution as a mobile phase. The use of an ICP-QQQ MS spectrometer in tandem mass configuration (MS/MS) combined with an octopole reaction system (ORS3) pressurized with helium allows one to eliminate spectral interferences during Cr determination in the soil extracts. The detection limit of the procedure was 0.08 µg L−1 for Cr(III) and 0.09 µg L−1 for Cr(VI) species. The trueness of the IP RP HPLC-ICP MS method was proved by an analysis of CRM 041 and CRM 060. The advantage of the proposed method is the analysis of soil extracts without their preliminary neutralization, which limits the losses of Cr(VI) due to the reduction process. The analysed soils mainly contained chromium in immobile forms (94.6–98.5% of the total Cr content). In all alkaline soil extracts mostly the Cr(VI) form was found, but in the extract of organic soils Cr(III) was also present. This arose from the reduction of Cr(VI) species by organic matter (humic acids) and Fe(II). The amount of formed Cr(III) species was dependent on the type of soil (content of organic matter, Mn and Fe) and its moistness. For the first time, the presence of neutral and non-polar chromium fractions in the soil extracts was also demonstrated. It was found that reliable speciation analysis results could be obtained for mineral soils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciation of Chromium in Alkaline Soil Extracts by an Ion-Pair Reversed Phase HPLC-ICP MS Method

Leśniewska

Godlewska‐Żyłkiewicz

2019

Molecules

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Analytical Procedures for Speciation of Chromium, Aluminum, and Tin in Environmental and Biological Samples

Michalke

2016

Metallomics

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Chromium speciation in solid matrices and regulation: a review

et al. 2010

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In recent years, the extensive use of chromium in industrial processes has led to the promotion of several directives and recommendations by the European Union, that try to limit and regulate the presence of Cr(VI) in the environment and to protect industrial workers using chromium and end-users of manufactured products. As a consequence, new standard methods and analytical procedures have been published at the EU level for Cr(VI) determination in soil, sludge, sediment, and similar waste materials, workplace atmospheres, cement, packaging materials, industrially produced samples, and corrosion-protection layers on some components of vehicles and electrical and electronic equipment. The objective of this article is to summarize the different directives and recommendations and to critically review the currently existing standard methods and the methods published in the literature for chromium speciation in the above mentioned solid matrices, putting the emphasis on the different extraction procedures which have been developed for each matrix. Particular attention has been paid to Cr(III) and Cr(VI) inter-conversions that can occur during extraction and efforts to minimize these unwanted reactions. Although the use of NaOH-Na(2)CO(3) solutions with hot plate extraction seems to be the more widespread procedure, species transformation can still occur and several studies suggest that speciated isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) could be a suitable tool for correction of these interconversions. Besides, recent studies have proved the role of Cr(III) in chromium toxicology. As a consequence, the authors suggest an update of standard methods in the near future.

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Development of Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Exchangeable Cr(VI) in Soils by Anion-exchange Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography with Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Detection

Abstract: Analytical procedure for the determination of exchangeable Cr(VI) was developed. In order to optimise the extraction procedure, the efficiency of extraction of exchangeable Cr(VI) in soil samples was investigated in KH 2 PO 4 -K 2 HPO 4 buffer solutions (0.015 up to 0.2 mol l −1 )

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Speciation of Chromium in Alkaline Soil Extracts by an Ion-Pair Reversed Phase HPLC-ICP MS Method

Speciation of Chromium in Alkaline Soil Extracts by an Ion-Pair Reversed Phase HPLC-ICP MS Method

Analytical Procedures for Speciation of Chromium, Aluminum, and Tin in Environmental and Biological Samples

Chromium speciation in solid matrices and regulation: a review

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