Development of apical membrane organization and V-ATPase regulation in blowfly salivary glands

Baumann, Otto; Bauer, Angelika

doi:10.1242/jeb.077420

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Recent work in mosquito tubules has demonstrated that cAMP stimulates both V-ATPase activity and assembly of the holoenzyme (Tiburcy et al, 2013), which supports the findings in other insects [e.g. the blowfly (Baumann and Bauer, 2013)] and in other systems (Bond and Forgac, 2008). Although it is also possible that cyclic nucleotide kinases such as protein kinase A (PKA) may act to phosphorylate modulatory proteins for the V-ATPase, how may cyclic nucleotides increase the transepithelial potential difference across tubule principal cells?…”

Section: Cyclic Nucleotide Signallingsupporting

confidence: 76%

Cell signalling mechanisms for insect stress tolerance

Davies

Cabrero

Overend

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Insects successfully occupy most environmental niches and this success depends on surviving a broad range of environmental stressors including temperature, desiccation, xenobiotic, osmotic and infection stress. Epithelial tissues play key roles as barriers between the external and internal environments and therefore maintain homeostasis and organismal tolerance to multiple stressors. As such, the crucial role of epithelia in organismal stress tolerance cannot be underestimated. At a molecular level, multiple cell-specific signalling pathways including cyclic cAMP, cyclic cGMP and calcium modulate tissue, and hence, organismal responses to stress. Thus, epithelial cell-specific signal transduction can be usefully studied to determine the molecular mechanisms of organismal stress tolerance in vivo. This review will explore cell signalling modulation of stress tolerance in insects by focusing on cell signalling in a fluid transporting epithelium -the Malpighian tubule. Manipulation of specific genes and signalling pathways in only defined tubule cell types can influence the survival outcome in response to multiple environmental stressors including desiccation, immune, salt (ionic) and oxidative stress, suggesting that studies in the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster may reveal novel pathways required for stress tolerance.

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Section: Cyclic Nucleotide Signallingsupporting

confidence: 76%

Cell signalling mechanisms for insect stress tolerance

Davies

Cabrero

Overend

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…3 ). Finally, the central hub occupied by the V-ATPases in the predicted PPI network is noteworthy because these electrolyte/solute trans-epithelia transporters are critical in saliva secretion in other insects such as the blowflies [ 69 ]. Trypanosoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proteomics approach reveals molecular manipulators of distinct cellular processes in the salivary glands of Glossina m. morsitans in response to Trypanosoma b. brucei infections

et al. 2016

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BackgroundGlossina m. morsitans is the primary vector of the Trypanosoma brucei group, one of the causative agents of African trypanosomoses. The parasites undergo metacyclogenesis, i.e. transformation into the mammalian-infective metacyclic trypomastigote (MT) parasites, in the salivary glands (SGs) of the tsetse vector. Since the MT-parasites are largely uncultivable in vitro, information on the molecular processes that facilitate metacyclogenesis is scanty.MethodsTo bridge this knowledge gap, we employed tandem mass spectrometry to investigate protein expression modulations in parasitized (T. b. brucei-infected) and unparasitized SGs of G. m. morsitans. We annotated the identified proteins into gene ontologies and mapped the up- and downregulated proteins within protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks.ResultsWe identified 361 host proteins, of which 76.6 % (n = 276) and 22.3 % (n = 81) were up- and downregulated, respectively, in parasitized SGs compared to unparasitized SGs. Whilst 32 proteins were significantly upregulated (> 10-fold), only salivary secreted adenosine was significantly downregulated. Amongst the significantly upregulated proteins, there were proteins associated with blood feeding, immunity, cellular proliferation, homeostasis, cytoskeletal traffic and regulation of protein turnover. The significantly upregulated proteins formed major hubs in the PPI network including key regulators of the Ras/MAPK and Ca2+/cAMP signaling pathways, ubiquitin-proteasome system and mitochondrial respiratory chain. Moreover, we identified 158 trypanosome-specific proteins, notable of which were proteins in the families of the GPI-anchored surface glycoproteins, kinetoplastid calpains, peroxiredoxins, retrotransposon host spot multigene and molecular chaperones. Whilst immune-related trypanosome proteins were over-represented, membrane transporters and proteins involved in translation repression (e.g. ribosomal proteins) were under-represented, potentially reminiscent of the growth-arrested MT-parasites.ConclusionsOur data implicate the significantly upregulated proteins as manipulators of diverse cellular processes in response to T. b. brucei infection, potentially to prepare the MT-parasites for invasion and evasion of the mammalian host immune defences. We discuss potential strategies to exploit our findings in enhancement of trypanosome refractoriness or reduce the vector competence of the tsetse vector.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1714-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…cockroaches) while previous studies have shown serotonin to be the neurohormone activating saliva production ( Röser et al. 2012 ; Baumann and Bauer 2013 ). In a previous report ( Guerra et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(1995) on Aedes aegypti . We would like to emphasize here that the studies in the Diptera have focused on control of saliva production ( Baumann and Bauer 2013 ) and not on salivation release. The presence of muscles surrounding the secretory regions of the sgld in tsetse might be a mechanism for rapidly dispensing the saliva into the host, thus avoiding a host response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1995 ). In fact, most studies focus on what the mechanisms are for saliva production ( Ali 1997 ; Baumann and Bauer 2013 ), what is in the saliva ( Ribeiro and Francischetti 2003 ), but fail to mention the mechanisms for saliva deployment or delivery to the host. This study was designed to answer whether the sglds of tsetse are innervated and to provide a preliminary background for future studies on the presence of serotonin in the central nervous system (CNS).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Serotonergic Innervation of the Salivary Glands and Central Nervous System of AdultGlossina pallidipesAusten (Diptera: Glossinidae), and the Impact of the Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (GpSGHV) on the Host

et al. 2016

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Using a serotonin antibody and confocal microscopy, this study reports for the first time direct serotonergic innervation of the muscle sheath covering the secretory region of the salivary glands of adult tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes Austen. Reports to date, however, note that up until this finding, dipteran species previously studied lack a muscle sheath covering of the secretory region of the salivary glands. Direct innervation of the salivary gland muscle sheath of tsetse would facilitate rapid deployment of saliva into the host, thus delaying a host response. Our results also suggest that the neuronal and abnormal pattern seen in viral infected glands by the Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus (GpSGHV) is due to a compensatory increased branching of the neurons of the salivary glands, which is associated with the increased size of the salivary glands in viral infected flies. This study shows for the first time serotonin in the cell bodies of the brain and thoracico-abdominal ganglion in adult tsetse, G. pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae). A hypothesis is proposed as to whether innervation of the muscle sheath covering of the secretory region of the salivary glands is present in brachyceran compared with nematoceran dipterans; and, a plea is made that more research is needed to develop a blood feeding model, similar to that in the blow flies, for elucidating the various mechanisms involved in production and deployment of saliva.

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Development of apical membrane organization and V-ATPase regulation in blowfly salivary glands

Abstract: SUMMARYSupplementary material available online at

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Cell signalling mechanisms for insect stress tolerance

Cell signalling mechanisms for insect stress tolerance

A proteomics approach reveals molecular manipulators of distinct cellular processes in the salivary glands of Glossina m. morsitans in response to Trypanosoma b. brucei infections

Serotonergic Innervation of the Salivary Glands and Central Nervous System of AdultGlossina pallidipesAusten (Diptera: Glossinidae), and the Impact of the Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (GpSGHV) on the Host

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