Development of BAS2 for determination of evaporative fluxes

Abstract

Accurate determination of evaporative flux from water surfaces and liquid containing porous media is critical for geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications. Laboratory simulations can isolate the various parameters influencing evaporative fluxes. However, most simulators capture selected surface and atmospheric conditions, and published literature generally provide limited information on the development and operation of the instruments. The new simulator adequately captures a wide range of relevant field parameters, maintains controlled conditions over the required testing time, utilizes readily available components for modular fabrication, and facilitates operational efficiency between individual modules. This paper presents the modified Bench-Scale Atmosphere Simulator (BAS2). This paper summarizes various atmosphere simulators developed over the last 25 years. This paper describes the design, fabrication, operation, calibration, and validation of BAS2.

Datasets for the Determination of Evaporative Flux from Distilled Water and Saturated Brine Using Bench-Scale Atmospheric Simulators

“…Several laboratory-based evaporation experiments using climate simulators have been developed [9]. The main limitations of these methods are the limited number of controlled parameters and the quality of their simulation [10]. The authors developed a state-of-the-art bench-scale atmospheric simulator (BAS) to determine evaporative fluxes.…”

“…The authors developed a state-of-the-art bench-scale atmospheric simulator (BAS) to determine evaporative fluxes. Initially used for water surfaces [11], the instrument was improved and named BAS2 [10] and was subsequently used for water and brine surfaces [12]. The instrument can simultaneously control and/or measure air velocity, humidity, air temperature, incoming shortwave solar irradiance, outgoing shortwave surface reflectance, surface temperature, and barometric pressure.…”

“…The detailed operation procedure to simulate these six weather scenarios in the BAS, in addition to the sample preparation methods for water-based experiments, are provided by Suchan and Azam [11]. The methods for the brine-based experiments are given in Suchan and Azam [12], while the operation procedure of the BAS2 is provided by Suchan and Azam [10].…”

“…Table 2 presents a description of the dataset variables in the "2. Evaporation Experiments" folder obtained using BAS [11] and BAS2 [10]. The "1.…”

Effect of Salinity on Evaporation from Water Surface in Bench-Scale Testing

“…Evaporative flux tests were conducted using a bench-scale atmosphere simulator developed by Suchan and Azam [23], which replicated six different environmental scenarios in the study area. Table 1 provides the average atmospheric and surface parameters for the selected scenarios (spring, summer, and fall), showing both daytime and nighttime values.…”