Development of basic nursing education in China and Hong Kong

Abstract

Hong Kong returned to the sovereignty of the People's Republic of China in July 1997. In the past, Hong Kong has been greatly influenced by the British system of nurses' training, which was very different from that in mainland China. As Hong Kong is now a part of China again, there is an increased opportunity for the exchange of experience and ideas among nurse educators. The First China-Hong Kong Nursing Education Conference has provided opportunities for the authors to gain a deeper understanding of the development of nursing education in China and Hong Kong. The authors believe that it is also important for China and Hong Kong to increase networking with the international nursing community. This paper has been written largely based on the information gathered from papers presented in the Conference and the discussion with nurse educators who attended the Conference, together with a review of literature. This paper focuses on comparing the history and present development of basic nursing education in both places. The future direction for the development of nursing education in these two places will also be discussed.

Desarrollo Socio-Histórico de la Enfermería en la Cultura de la República Popular China

“…La primera enfermera estadounidense, Elizabeth McKechnie, llegó en 1884 y comenzó a introducir el sistema de Florence Nightingale de la enfermería; luego, en1888, Ella Johnson, otra estadounidense, abrió la primera escuela de enfermeras chinas en Fuchou (Chan y Wong, 1999). Más tarde, en 1910, Nina Gage estableció un programa de formación de enfermeras como parte de la misión de Yale (Xu y et al, 2000); tiempo después, entre 1912 y 1914, se desempeñó como presidente de la Asociación de Enfermería China.…”

“…Chang y Wong (1999), clasifican los tres niveles de educación básica en enfermería que existen en la actualidad en Escuelas de Salud, diploma universitario y título universitario, gracias a los que se formaron más de un millón de profesionales en enfermería en China, cifra que no incluye del año 2000 en adelante.…”

“…Para Chang y Wong (1999), citado en Chiu y Lee (1996), las Escuelas de Salud integran la principal forma en que se brinda la formación en enfermería de China, en las cuales se forman alrededor de 40000 enfermeras(os) por año. Dichos centros de estudio funcionaban con programas certificados y producían técnicos en enfermería llamados husi, quienes dominaban la fuerza laboral en los hospitales de China.…”

Nursing education in the United States, Thailand, and China: Literature review

“…Since education was considered to be nonessential, a majority of programs in nursing education were closed down. [17] After 1978, the Chinese government opened to the outside world again. It brought reform and new standards for education.…”

“…[8] The first baccalaureate nursing program was reestablished in 1983 by Tianjin Medical University. [17] Baccalaureate nursing programs admit nurses graduated from high school, who passed the National University Admission Examinations. In addition, nursing programs with international collaboration also accelerated the development of baccalaureate nursing education.…”