Development of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Plastics

Abstract

The impact of environmental-related issues poses a deleterious effect on the existence of human life and its biophysical surroundings. Discarded plastic materials have been identified as threats to the environment as most of these

Crotonic Acid Production by Pyrolysis and Vapor Fractionation of Mixed Microbial Culture-Based Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

“…Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of biodegradable and renewable polymers which can be produced by various bacteria as an energy reserve, ensuring the long-term survival of the bacteria during nutrient-scarce conditions. , These bio-based polymers are considered as green polymers of the future due to their potential to replace conventional polymers . It has been shown that the bacteria can yield high-quality PHAs using pure substrates and sterile conditions, but under these expensive growth conditions, the polymers are not economically competitive with the conventional polymers . Alternatively, it is possible to apply an open mixed microbial culture (MMC) to produce low-cost PHAs.…”

Marine Biopolymers: Applications in Food Packaging

“…Furthermore, packaging protects food products from physical, chemical, and microbiological harm by enabling the handling, transportation, and storage of various food products, resulting in improved quality preservation and shelf-life [3,4]. However, petroleum-based polymeric materials, sometimes known as plastic, are the most employed in food packaging [5]. Plastic packaging has limitations in terms of biodegradability, recyclability, biocompatibility, and reusability [5].…”

“…However, petroleum-based polymeric materials, sometimes known as plastic, are the most employed in food packaging [5]. Plastic packaging has limitations in terms of biodegradability, recyclability, biocompatibility, and reusability [5]. These restrictions on plastic packaging produce a massive amount of garbage, causing serious environmental difficulties such as soil contamination, marine pollution, air pollution, and animal deaths around the world [5,6].…”

“…Plastic packaging has limitations in terms of biodegradability, recyclability, biocompatibility, and reusability [5]. These restrictions on plastic packaging produce a massive amount of garbage, causing serious environmental difficulties such as soil contamination, marine pollution, air pollution, and animal deaths around the world [5,6]. Discarded plastics have now contaminated the entire human habitat.…”

“…Furthermore, global plastics output grew by roughly 10 million metric tons per year, from 322 million metric tons in 2015 to 367 million metric tons in 2020 [11]. This rise suggests that plastic production progresses while having a corresponding impact on the environment [5]. As a result, the concept of biodegradable packaging has been gaining traction for years, pushing researchers, stakeholders, concerned organizations, and social groups to seek eco-friendly materials to build biodegradable packages that have little or no environmental impact.…”