Development of Chinese Character-Writing Program for Mobile Devices

Zhang, Yu; Hu, Jun

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41981-2_103-1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Generally, softwood has a higher fraction of lignin than hardwood. In addition to cellulose crystallinity, linkage between cellulose and hemicellulose, and cementation and steric hindrance from lignin both increase the difficulty for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose (Zhang and Hu 2018 ). Nevertheless, lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose and hemicellulose are sugars-rich resources that can be harnessed for biofuels productions using anaerobic digestion/fermentation.…”

Section: Acidogenic Fermentation Of Lignocellulosic Biomass Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and perspectives of enhanced volatile fatty acids production from acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass wastes

Sun

Zhang

Loh

2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Lignocellulosic biomass wastes are abundant resources that are usually valorized for methane-rich biogas via anaerobic digestion. Conversion of lignocellulose into volatile fatty acids (VFA) rather than biogas is attracting attention due to the higher value-added products that come with VFA utilization. This review consolidated the latest studies associated with characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass, the effects of process parameters during acidogenic fermentation, and the intensification strategies to accumulate more VFA. The differences between anaerobic digestion technology and acidogenic fermentation technology were discussed. Performance-enhancing strategies surveyed included (1) alkaline fermentation; (2) co-digestion and high solid-state fermentation; (3) pretreatments; (4) use of high loading rate and short retention time; (5) integration with electrochemical technology, and (6) adoption of membrane bioreactors. The recommended operations include: mesophilic temperature (thermophilic for high loading rate fermentation), C/N ratio (20–40), OLR (< 12 g volatile solids (VS)/(L·d)), and the maximum HRT (8–12 days), alkaline fermentation, membrane technology or electrodialysis recovery. Lastly, perspectives were put into place based on critical analysis on status of acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass wastes for VFA production.

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Section: Acidogenic Fermentation Of Lignocellulosic Biomass Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and perspectives of enhanced volatile fatty acids production from acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass wastes

Sun

Zhang

Loh

2021

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste Materials

Kamperidou

Terzopoulou

2021

Sustainability

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Nowadays, the climate mitigation policies of EU promote the energy production based on renewable resources. Anaerobic digestion (AD) constitutes a biochemical process that can convert lignocellulosic materials into biogas, used for chemical products isolation or energy production, in the form of electricity, heat or fuels. Such practices are accompanied by several economic, environmental and climatic benefits. The method of AD is an effective method of utilization of several different low-value and negative-cost highly available materials of residual character, such as the lignocellulosic wastes coming from forest, agricultural or marine biomass utilization processes, in order to convert them into directly usable energy. Lignin depolymerization remains a great challenge for the establishment of a full scale process for AD of lignin waste. This review analyzes the method of anaerobic digestion (biomethanation), summarizes the technology and standards involved, the progress achieved so far on the depolymerization/pre-treatment methods of lignocellulosic bio-wastes and the respective residual byproducts coming from industrial processes, aiming to their conversion into energy and the current attempts concerning the utilization of the produced biogas. Substrates’ mechanical, physical, thermal, chemical, and biological pretreatments or a combination of those before biogas production enhance the hydrolysis stage efficiency and, therefore, biogas generation. AD systems are immensely expanding globally, especially in Europe, meeting the high demands of humans for clean energy.

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Development of Chinese Character-Writing Program for Mobile Devices

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Review and perspectives of enhanced volatile fatty acids production from acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass wastes

Review and perspectives of enhanced volatile fatty acids production from acidogenic fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass wastes

Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Waste Materials

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