Development of flexible culdoscopy

Laparoendoscopic single-site and natural orifice surgery in gynecology

“…In 1901, Dr. Dmitri von Ott, a Russian surgeon described ''ventroscopy'' through a colpotomy (30). In the United States, TeLinde performed the first rigid culdoscopy in 1940 (31). During the next 20-30 years, culdoscopy flourished in the field of infertility both as a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.…”

Transvaginal laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cysts

“…However, a flexible endoscope can be used to examine both the posterior and the anterior part during the same procedure [23,26,27].…”

Completely transvaginal NOTES cholecystectomy using magnetically anchored instruments

“…While a wealth of data is available from gynecologic literature suggesting the safety of a transvaginal approach for hysterectomy [23,24] or culdoscopy for treatment of infertility [25,26], long-term outcomes will be necessary to document the safety of gastrointestinal and other major abdominal surgery via this route. Outcomes in terms of dyspareunia, fertility, and pelvic prolapse will be needed in clinical trials.…”