Development of glacier mapping in Indian Himalaya: a review of approaches

Kaushik, Saurabh; Joshi, P. K.; Singh, Tej Vir

doi:10.1080/01431161.2019.1582114

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The data were compiled by several operators (Buckel & Otto, 2018; Fischer et al, 2015b) who applied different mapping strategies for the manual glacier mapping. Distinguishing between debris‐covered ice and debris surrounding the glacier can be difficult and is highly subjective, resulting in uncertainties in glacier boundary delineation that may introduce a mapping bias (Kaushik et al, 2019). In the inventory, debris‐covered parts of glaciers are sometimes included in the glacier outlines and sometimes excluded with the ice margin mapped at the debris–clean ice boundary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of debris cover on glaciers of the Eastern Alps, Austria, between 1996 and 2015

Fleischer

Otto

Junker

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Debris cover on glaciers is an important component of glacial systems as it influences climate–glacier dynamics and thus the lifespan of glaciers. Increasing air temperatures, permafrost thaw and rock faces freshly exposed by glacier downwasting in accumulation zones result in increased rockfall activity and debris input. In the ablation zone, negative mass balances result in an enhanced melt‐out of englacial debris. Glacier debris cover thus represents a clear signal of climate warming in mountain areas. To assess the temporal development of debris on glaciers of the Eastern Alps, Austria, we mapped debris cover on 255 glaciers using Landsat data at three time steps. We applied a ratio‐based threshold classification technique and analysed glacier catchment characteristics to understand debris sources better. Across the Austrian Alps, debris cover increased by more than 10% between 1996 and 2015 while glaciers retreated in response to climate warming. Debris cover distribution shows significant regional variability, with some mountain ranges being characterised by mean debris cover on glaciers of up to 75%. We also observed a general rise of the mean elevation of debris cover on glaciers in Austria. The debris cover distribution and dynamics are highly variable due to topographic, lithological and structural settings that determine the amount of debris delivered to and stored in the glacier system. Despite strong variation in debris cover, all glaciers investigated melted at increasing rates. We conclude that the retarding effects of debris cover on the mass balance and melt rate of Austrian glaciers is strongly subdued compared with other mountain areas. The study indicates that, if this trend continues, many glaciers in Austria may become fully debris covered. However, since debris cover seems to have little impact on melt rates, this would not lead to prolonged existence of debris‐covered ice compared with clean ice glaciers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of debris cover on glaciers of the Eastern Alps, Austria, between 1996 and 2015

Fleischer

Otto

Junker

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Glacier mapping (Kaushik et al, 2019) Glacier delineation can be performed by using manual digitization, band ratio or classification.…”

Section: Optical Sar Lidarmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Assessment of Remote Sensing Imaging Techniques: Optical, Sar and Lidar

Agrawal

Khairnar

2019

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. Remote sensing is a popular technique that is using in the mapping and monitoring of earth features. Early remote sensing was predominantly passive, i.e. it depends upon the sun for energy. Till the last decade, optical imaging is mainly used in remote sensing works. Over the time, significant innovations and improvements have been made in the active remote sensing which resulted in the form of sophisticated imaging techniques like Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) and Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR). These advancements promoted the use of multi-sensor and multi-source data in remote sensing projects. This highlights the need to review these imaging techniques. Therefore, this review work is carried out. In this review, different imaging techniques are discussed and compared. Optical, SAR and LiDAR techniques are first summarized and then they are compared on the basis of technical specification and working. Finally, an in-depth assessment is made on the applicability of these imaging techniques in different fields.

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“…Much of the damage created during GLOF events are associated with the large amounts of debris that accompany the floodwaters (Budhathoki et al, 2010). In the past 20 years, glaciers in the Himalayas have retreated and thinned rapidly as a response to regional climate warming, leading to the formation of new glacial lakes and the expansion of existing glacial lakes (Kaushik et al, 2019). These areas are located in the border belt and the Eurasian plates, where tectonic seismic activity is frequent and intense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of glacial lake outburst flood hazard in Hunza valley of upper Indus Basin

al.¹

2021

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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The UIB (Upper Indus Basin) is prone to GLOFs (Glacial Lake Outburst Floods). Physical monitoring of such a large area on a regular basis is a challenging task, especially when the temporal and spatial extent of the hazard is highly variable. The purpose of this study was to map the potentially dangerous glacial lakes and simulate the associated hazard in the downward settlements using HEC-RAS in the GIS environment using Landsat 7 remote sensing data. The study was conducted in Hunza Valley of UIB, where there are several human settlements that are endangered due to the GLOF hazard. Sudden breaches in the unstable moraine dams adjoining receding glaciers may occur because of the rapid and huge accumulation of turbulent water in the glacial lakes. The ASTER GDEM (Digital Elevation Model) is utilized to detect flow accumulation of glacial hazard involving slope, elevation, and orientation of the mountain glaciers. The study results revealed that settlements of Hunza Valley are threatened by the GLOFs hazard. Keeping in view the seasonal growth of the potentially dangerous glacial lakes of Hunza Valley, a low discharge of 3500m 3 /s from a potentially dangerous glacial lake can affect 40%, whereas a moderate discharge of 5000m 3 /s can affect 60%, and a high discharge of 7000m 3 /s can affect 80% of the Shimshal village habitat. The results of the study can provide a platform for the establishment of an early warning and monitoring system to minimize the impact of future GLOFs. Accurate and comprehensive knowledge of potentially dangerous GLOFs is of utmost importance for risk management. A digital repository of GLOFs can enhance the ability to inform policymakers on the vulnerability, risk mitigation, and action/adaptation measures.

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Development of glacier mapping in Indian Himalaya: a review of approaches

Cited by 37 publications

References 88 publications

Evolution of debris cover on glaciers of the Eastern Alps, Austria, between 1996 and 2015

Evolution of debris cover on glaciers of the Eastern Alps, Austria, between 1996 and 2015

A Comparative Assessment of Remote Sensing Imaging Techniques: Optical, Sar and Lidar

Simulation of glacial lake outburst flood hazard in Hunza valley of upper Indus Basin

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