Development of Immunologic Competence in Germfree and Conventional Mice

Bosma, Melvin J.; Makinodan, Takashi; Walburg, H. E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-6495-3_32

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As previously observed (Bosma et al 1967;Crabbé et al 1970;Seibert et al 1974;Van Oudenaren et al 1984;Hooper et al 1995), there were diVerences in organ size and structure between germ-free and conventional animals.…”

Section: Histologysupporting

confidence: 75%

Differential expression of spleen tyrosine kinase Syk isoforms in tissues: effects of the microbial flora

Duta

Ulanova

Seidel

et al. 2006

Histochem Cell Biol

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Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is expressed widely in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. The widespread distribution of Syk and its involvement in host defense and allergic reactions, prompted us analyze the influence of microbial exposure on Syk expression. We compared the distribution of Syk in various tissues of germ-free and conventional mice using immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis and real time RT-PCR. Total Syk expression was similar between germ-free and conventional mice. Since it has been claimed that Syk isoforms are differentially expressed, we studied the distribution and abundance of Syk (L) and Syk (S) isoforms in tissues from these mice. In contrast to previous reports, we found broad tissue expression of Syk (S). Interestingly, in germ-free mice the amount of Syk (S) but not Syk L protein was selectively increased in lung and spleen. In summary, our study reveals new and broad tissue expression of both Syk isoforms and demonstrates that lack of microbial flora results in selectively increased expression of Syk (S) isoform in lung and spleen.

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Section: Histologysupporting

confidence: 75%

Differential expression of spleen tyrosine kinase Syk isoforms in tissues: effects of the microbial flora

Duta

Ulanova

Seidel

et al. 2006

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…5). Response in Irradiated Mice Grafted with Spleen Cells from Infant Donors.--It has been reported that humoral antibodies such as anfi-SRBC hemagglufinins (28,29) and aUohemagglutinins (30) synthesized by 3-20 day old mice were solely mercaptoethanol-sensitive or of the maeroglobulin type. As mice became older, mercaptoethanol-resistant or 7S-type gamma globulins were also pro-duced.…”

Section: Results Of Statistical Analy~s Of Limiting Dilution Assays: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Shearer

Cudkowicz

Connell

et al. 1968

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Spleen cell suspensions of unprimed donor mice containing precursors of immunocytes have been transplanted into X-irradiated recipient mice. In the presence of antigen (sheep erythrocytes) these precursors, called antigen-sensitive units, gave rise to progeny cells secreting specific antibody. We studied quantitatively the production of cells releasing IgM hemolysins (direct plaque-forming cells), IgG hemolysins (indirect plaque-forming cells), and hemagglutinins (cluster-forming cells). We found that each of these immunocyte populations was distinct, i.e., that cells releasing agglutinins did not, as a rule, release hemolysins, and vice versa. We also found that cell populations secreting IgM hemolysins did not shift, under certain experimental conditions, to the production of IgG hemolysins during the primary immune response. By transplanting graded numbers of spleen cells, we succeeded in limiting to one or a few the number of antigen-sensitive units that reached the recipient spleen. We estimated thereby the frequency of antigen-sensitive units in donor cell suspensions and tested their potential for production of immunocytes of more than one type. Our results indicated that antigen-sensitive units were unipotent for they displayed in the spleens of unprimed donors the same restrictions of function and heterogeneity (antibody-specificity differentiation, antibody-class differentiation) found among antibody-forming cells. Furthermore, antigen-sensitive precursors for direct plaque-forming cells, indirect plaque-forming cells, and cluster-forming cells were detected in the spleens of unprimed mice in different frequencies, i.e., 1 in ∼ 106, 1 in ∼ 7 x 106, and 1 in ∼ 19 x 106 spleen cells, respectively. We concluded that relatively advanced differentiation of potentially competent cells occurs before sheep erythrocyte administration. The relevance of this finding for the broad spectrum of immunologic reactivities and for the heterogeneity of antibody responses to given antigens was discussed.

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“…It has been demonstrated recently that germfree mice have the same ^quantitative distribution of theta-positive and theta-ncgative lymphoc}'tes in their lymph nodes and spleen as conventional mice (IR) and that their spleens contain identical numbers of background plat|ue-forming cells against sheep erythrocytes (3,24), the majorit)' of these probably being B lymphocytes (31). TIius, it seems safe to conclude that lymphocyte life spans, the ratio between short-lived and long-lived lymphocytes, and the distribution of T and B lymphocytes within any lymphoid compartment are identical in germ-free and conventional mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Short‐Lived and Long‐Lived Small Lymphocytes in the Lymphomyeloid Tissues of Germ‐Free NMRI Mice

1974

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Germ‐free and conventional NMRI nine were injected unit 3H‐thymidine daily for 30 days to label a high percentage of short‐lived (fast‐proliferating) small lymphocytes and cells with a long interphase–that is. long‐lived small lymphocytes Scintillation counting and autoradiographical procedures, including registration of labeling indexes and grain counts, were carried out on smears and sections of lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, thoracic duct lymph, and blood, and the number of blood and bone marrow lymphocytes was quantitated The distribution of labeled small lymphocytes in the various lymphoid smears and organs was similar in germ‐free and conventional mice, as were the numbers of blood and bone marrow lymphocytes The findings show that the percentage of short‐and long‐lived lymphocytes as well as the average turnover time of the latter cell category are identical in the two groups of mice studied This suggests that mechanisms other than antigen‐triggering are operating in the generation of shortlived and long‐lived small lymphocytes

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Development of Immunologic Competence in Germfree and Conventional Mice

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Differential expression of spleen tyrosine kinase Syk isoforms in tissues: effects of the microbial flora

Differential expression of spleen tyrosine kinase Syk isoforms in tissues: effects of the microbial flora

Cellular Differentiation of the Immune System of Mice

Distribution of Short‐Lived and Long‐Lived Small Lymphocytes in the Lymphomyeloid Tissues of Germ‐Free NMRI Mice

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