Development of molecular diagnostics for the detection of
            <i>Ganoderma</i>
            isolates pathogenic to oil palm.

Bridge, P. D.; O'Grady, E.; Pilotti, C. A.; Sanderson, F. R.; Flood, J.; Holderness, M.

doi:10.1079/9780851993881.0225

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This genus is a particularly good candidate for ITS based detection Bridge et al, 2000. [5] The use of these, as primers have been used to develop species-specific diagnostics as many species-specific DNA sequences have been identified within the ITS regions of various fungi.…”

Section: Ganoderma Boninense (Pat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Following basal stem rot in young oil palm plantings

Panchal

Bridge

2005

Mycopathologia

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Section: Ganoderma Boninense (Pat)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these sections is particularly suited to the generation of a PCR primer. Bridge et al2000 [5], Pilotti et al 2002 [12] This primer is specific to G. boninense when used in conjunction with a universal ITS primer. DNA from environmental samples was tested and compared to the other Ganoderma species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Following basal stem rot in young oil palm plantings

Panchal

Bridge

2005

Mycopathologia

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“…Determination of Ganoderma isolates using molecular approaches was proposed by Bridge et al, (2000) for Ganoderma cultures originated from environmental samples. Therefore, molecular analysis with SSU-817 and SSU-1536 primer set to target at the 18S small sub-unit rDNA region was conducted on the 12 Ganoderma isolates listed in (Idris, 1999 andMiller, 1995).…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Of Ganoderma Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro growth of Ganoderma boninense isolates on novel palm extract medium and virulence on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings

SiangMing¹,

YitKheng²,

HunJiat³

et al. 2013

MJM

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Aims: Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma pathogenic fungi, especially Ganoderma boninense is thriving rapidly in both areas with coastal and inland soils. The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize Ganoderma isolates collected from various locations in Peninsular Malaysia through the comparison of their growth rate in vitroly on conventional and novel palm extract media, and to determine the degree of virulence caused by the isolates in oil palm seedlings. Methodology and results: In this study, 12 Ganoderma isolates were collected from infected oil palm trees, from various locations -Johor, Negeri Sembilan, Kedah, Perak, Pahang, and Kelantan, in Malaysia in year 2011. Twelve Ganoderma isolates were identified using molecular method with primer set that targeted at small-subunit 18S rDNA fragment, and characterized by determining the in vitro growth rate, and degree of virulence in 2-month-old oil palm seedlings in the nursery using both disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) as the measurements to quantify the infection. All the Ganoderma isolates were identified as G. boninense and sequences of the respective isolates were deposited in GenBank. In general, all the isolates proliferated faster on oil palm extract medium (OPEM) compared to malt extract agar (MEA). Twelve G. boninense isolates were observed to illustrate different degree of virulence ranging from highly pathogenic to least pathogenic. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Cultures of 12 G. boninense isolates were observed to show faster growth rate (P < 0.014) on OPEM under in vitro conditions compared to conventional MEA medium, except Bt Lintang G10 and GBA G12 isolates. OPEM medium could provide a better alternative for maintaining and culturing Ganoderma strains. In the current study, both DI and DSI were highly correlated. However, there were low linear relationships (R 2 < 0.423) between mycelia growth rate (on MEA and OPEM) and degree of virulence (DI and DSI) at 12-, 14-and 16-weeks after treatments among the G. boninense isolates tested. Furthermore, different degrees of virulence in twelve separate Ganoderma isolates were reported. Therefore, it is crucial to incorporate more than one isolate into any researches on screening for Ganoderma resistance or tolerance planting materials, searching for potential biological control agents, and studying bitrophic or tri-trophic interactions. In addition, this study was aimed to isolate G. boninense strains with various virulence levels for future studies. .

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“…As no IAC was included, the conclusions about species are invalid, and the use as a diagnostic is based on a false premise at least. Bridge et al. (2000) is another case for Ganoderma .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal amplification controls have not been employed in fungal PCR hence potential false negative results

Paterson

2007

J Appl Microbiol

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is subject to false negative results. Samples of fungi with the genes of interest (e.g. a disease or mycotoxin) may be categorized as negative and safe as a consequence. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are involved in many fields of human activity such as antibiotic, toxin and food production. Certain taxa are implicated in human, animal and plant diseases. However, fungi are difficult to identify and PCR techniques have been proposed increasingly for this purpose. Internal amplification controls (IACs) will ameliorate the situation and need to become mandatory. These are nucleic acids that posses a sequence which will provide a PCR product (i) using the same primers employed for the target gene, and (ii) that will not coincide on the gel with the product of the target gene. Only one group of workers employed an IAC, to respond to potential inhibition, which was reported in 1995 from this present assessment of numerous reports. Inhibitors in cultures need to be minimized, and secondary metabolites are an obvious source. The fields reviewed herein include medical mycology, mycotoxicology, environmental mycology and plant mycology. The conclusion is that previous reports are compromised because IACs have not been employed in fungal PCR; future research must include this control at an early stage.

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Development of molecular diagnostics for the detection of Ganoderma isolates pathogenic to oil palm.

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Following basal stem rot in young oil palm plantings

Following basal stem rot in young oil palm plantings

In vitro growth of Ganoderma boninense isolates on novel palm extract medium and virulence on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings

Internal amplification controls have not been employed in fungal PCR hence potential false negative results

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