Development of nanofluid detergent based on methyl ester sulfonates surfactant from waste cooking oil and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Performance of Green Surfactants in the Formulation of Heavy-Duty Laundry Liquid Detergents (HDLD) with Special Emphasis on Palm Based Alpha Methyl Ester Sulfonates (α-MES)

“…The results show that nanofluid detergent is stable with the concentration of α-MES above 1.1 wt％ 31) . The detergent performance increases with increase concentration of α-MES surfactant 31) . With the presence of mercury lamp that activates TiO 2 nanoparticles for stain degradation, the performance of nanofluid detergent achieves further improvement 31) .…”

“…Wettability is the degree of wetting to measure the ability of a liquid to spread on a solid surface or on another immiscible liquid 41) . Wetting test can be conducted by dropping a 2 cm×2 cm unsoiled cotton swatch, conditioned at relative humidity of 20％ for 24 h, using a pair of tweezers, into the prepared 100 mL round container consists of 0.1％ detergent solution and record the time taken for complete immersion of solution 31,43) . The time taken for the unsoiled cotton swatch to have complete immersion in α-MES and LABS detergent solution at different water hardness is shown in Table 6.…”

“…In year 2019, Permadani and Slamet 31) had also synthesized α-MES surfactant from purified waste cooking oil and combined with carboxymethyl cellulose and TiO 2 nanoparticles to form nanofluid detergent. The detergent stability and performance were tested with constant concentration of TiO 2 nanoparticles at 0.1％ and varying concentration of α-MES surfactant as well as carboxymethyl cellulose 31) . The results show that nanofluid detergent is stable with the concentration of α-MES above 1.1 wt％ 31) .…”

“…The detergent stability and performance were tested with constant concentration of TiO 2 nanoparticles at 0.1％ and varying concentration of α-MES surfactant as well as carboxymethyl cellulose 31) . The results show that nanofluid detergent is stable with the concentration of α-MES above 1.1 wt％ 31) . The detergent performance increases with increase concentration of α-MES surfactant 31) .…”

“…With the presence of mercury lamp that activates TiO 2 nanoparticles for stain degradation, the performance of nanofluid detergent achieves further improvement 31) . It shown that with the addition of 4％ carboxymethyl cellulose, the stability of the nanofluid detergent can be improved while maintaining the optimum detergent performance 31) .…”