The development of transportation has shifted from construction to the state of maintenance, and reasonable and efficient pavement performance prediction models play an important role in developing reasonable pavement maintenance strategies, ensuring the efficient operation of pavement and extending the service life. At present, the research on pavement performance prediction mostly focuses on a non-comprehensive pavement performance evaluation indicator, and when the influence factors increase, the predictive ability will also be affected. Therefore, based on deep neural networks, OPI is selected as the pavement performance evaluation index, and the pavement service time, traffic load, pavement asphalt rutting condition and pavement asphalt cracking condition are selected as the influence factors. Next, the pavement performance deterioration model is established, and the established model is compared with the traditional regression model. After comparison, it is found that the prediction accuracy of the deterioration model reaches 83.25%, which is 17.7% higher than the traditional regression model. Besides, the prediction accuracy of the vast majority of test sets and train sets exceeds 80%. According to the research in this paper, the pavement performance deterioration model based on deep neural networks can better simulate the pavement performance deterioration process, and can still predict pavement performance well under multiple influence factors.