Development of Prefabricated Modular Retrofitting Solution for Post-World War II Buildings

Abstract

Residential and public buildings are one of the essential energy consumers. The majority of European buildings were constructed within the period from mid-1950ies to the late 1990ies. Currently the retrofitting process is too slow. The main barriers are complicated retrofitting process, variety of available technologies as well as precision of estimated energy savings calculations. This paper is prepared in scope of work done within the European Regional Development Fund project “NEARLY ZERO ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR UNCLASSIFIED BUILDINGS”. The main aim of this study is to develop full modular retrofitting process based on 3D laser scanning minimizing time consumed for architectural project development, on-site construction works as well as to ensure correct energy simulation. Paper presents results of Latvian case building 3D scanning results, architectural project development specifics as well as selection of optimal thermal insulation layout and energy simulations. Study analyses main barriers for wide implementation of prefabricated panels.

Manufacturing Errors of Concrete Cover as a Reason of Reinforcement Corrosion in a Precast Element—Case Study

“…In Europe's post-war years (and until the mid-1980s in Poland), large panel system-building was a widespread form of construction due to extensive war damage and the need to quickly and efficiently erect new residential buildings [1,2]. A characteristic feature of this method is the manufacture of load-bearing elements in prefabrication plants, which are then transport and assembled on the construction site.…”

“…A diffractogram of a sample of concrete taken from loggia wall near point(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Signs: C-Calcite, Q-Quartz, and G-Gypsum.…”

Ordinary gypsum plasterboard and Knauf Torro gypsum plasterboard bullet-proofing

“…Construction work such as electrical installation, plumbing, and ventilation hatches -can be a detractor to the effectiveness of bullet-proof walls. Borodinecs et al have studied bullet safety and microclimate in unclassified buildings [2][3][4][5][6][7], also how ventilation ducts inside the panel affect wall ballistics. [8] Is a bullet-proof wall construction material available on the market that would be convenient and easy to install in an existing or new building, easy to transport, and highly fire-resistant?…”

Measuring the thermal resistance of typical multi-layer building walls using the accelerated measurement method

“…According to the research, in a traditional apartment house up to 40% of heat is lost through walls, 18% through windows, 10% through basement, 18% through roof and 14% through ventilation [5][6][7][8]. Heat loss is especially noticeable in the northern regions [9][10][11].…”

“…The lack of thermal resistance of the main building structures is one of the main reasons for low energy efficiency of buildings built in the USSR in 1960-1990 years [1][2][3][4]. According to the research, in a traditional apartment house up to 40% of heat is lost through walls, 18% through windows, 10% through basement, 18% through roof and 14% through ventilation [5][6][7][8].…”