Development of rigid bio-based polyurethane foam reinforced with nanoclay

Pauzi, Nik Nurfatmah Pz Nik; Majid, Rohah A.; Dzulkifli, Mohd Haziq; Yahya, Mohd Yazid

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.08.004

Cited by 131 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, the initial viscosity variation of reactive mixture also might affect cell morphology and cell size. Reactive mixture with high EG content has lower initial viscosity, which reduces in the inhibition of bubble expansion in the early foaming stage and thus is probably conducive to larger and homogeneous bubbles [28]. When more EG content is added, the difference in the cell diameter and size distribution is small.…”

Section: Apparent Density and Cell Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hard segments on the thermal and mechanical properties of water blown semi-rigid polyurethane foams

et al. 2015

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Water blown semi-rigid polyurethane foams with different ethylene glycol (EG) content were prepared. EG is used as chain extender to vary hard segments content of semirigid polyurethane foams. The effect of EG on foam molding process, hard segment structure and the relationship between structure and thermal, mechanical properties of foams has been investigated. Results indicate that the addition of EG contributes to preparing flawless foams, and reduces the apparent density of foams due to the increase in cell size. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) displays the existence of hydrogen bonds among polyurea segments, which is influenced by reactant activity. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) manifests different phase mixing and soft domains Tg of foams with different EG content. Soft domains Tg is dependent on the purity of soft domains controlled by urethane hard segments and dissolved urea groups. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) illustrates that thermal stability of foams is associated with hard segments content in foams. Mechanical tests demonstrate that improvements of mechanical properties of foams can be achieved by modifying foam formulation to increase microphase separation of polyurea segments.

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Section: Apparent Density and Cell Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hard segments on the thermal and mechanical properties of water blown semi-rigid polyurethane foams

et al. 2015

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“…NCL ve AP ilaveli köpük malzeme üretimlerinde yoğunluğu sabit tutabilmek için poliüretan köpük hammaddelerin miktarı azaltıldığından dolayı, hücre boyutundaki artış beklenilen bir durumdur. NCL ve AP ilavesi ile poliolün viskozitesinde bir miktar artış olmakla birlikte, izosiyanatla reaksiyona girmesini zorlaştıracak ve karışımın kabarmasını engelleyecek bir durum oluşmadığı değerlendirilmektedir [34,36].…”

Section: Tablo 1 Köpük Malzemelerin Kompozisyonları (Compositions Ofunclassified

Nanoki̇l Ve Kabaran Alev Geci̇kti̇ri̇ci̇ İlavesi̇ni̇n Ri̇ji̇t Poli̇üretan Köpük Malzemeleri̇n Isil Bozunma Ve Yanma Davranişlarina Etki̇leri̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇

Aydoğan¹,

Usta²

2015

Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

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ÖZETRijit poliüretan köpük malzemelere, bu malzemelerin özeliklerini iyileştirmek ve maliyetleri düşürmek için farklı inorganik maddeler ilave edilmektedir. Bu inorganik maddeler içinde, kilin toplam kütlenin en fazla % 6 oranına kadar poliüretan köpük malzemeye ilave edildiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise, yazarların bilgisi dahilinde, ilk defa % 15'e varan oranda nanokil ve amonyum polifosfat/pentaeritritolden oluşan kabaran alev geciktiricinin ilavesi yapılmıştır. Nanokil ve kabaran alev geciktirici ilavesinin, köpük malzemelerin hücre boyutuna, ısı iletim katsayısına, ısıl bozunma ve yanmaya karşı direncine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, köpük malzemelerin zamanla ısı iletim katsayılarındaki değişim ve dolgu/alev geciktiricilerin bu değişime etkileri üzerine literatürde yeterli bilgi bulunmadığı dikkate alınarak üretimden sonra iki aylık bir süre içerisinde, köpük malzemelerin ısı iletim katsayılarının değişimi de takip edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar, nanokilin % 15 oranında ilavesi ile köpük malzemenin ısıl kararlılığının ve yanma direncinin iyileştirilebileceğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, nanokil ve kabaran alev geciktiricinin birlikte ilavesinin köpük malzemenin ısıl bozunma ve yanmaya karşı direncini daha da iyileştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda nanokil/kabaran alev geciktirici ilavesinin köpük malzemenin ısı iletim katsayısında az bir miktar artışa sebep olduğu da tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Rijit poliüretan köpük, nanokil, kabaran alev geciktirici, ısı iletim katsayısı, ısıl bozunma, yanma davranışı INVESTIGATION THE EFFECTS OF NANOCLAY AND INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANT ADDITIONS ON THERMAL AND FIRE BEHAVIOUR OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS ABSTRACTDifferent inorganic materials are added into rigid polyurethane foams for improving properties and reducing production costs. Among them, it was found that nanoclay was added up to 6 % in the total mass. In this study, with the best knowledge of the authors, nanoclay / intumescent flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol were added up to 15 % in the total mass into the rigid polyurethane foams for the first time. The effects of nanoclay and intumescent flame retardant additions on the cell size, the coefficient of thermal conductivity, the thermal degradation and the fire resistance were investigated. Furthermore, there is a lack of information in the literature about changes of the thermal conductivity of the foams with respect to time and the effects of fillers and flame retardants on the changes. Therefore, the changes of thermal conductivity coefficients of the foams were examined during two months after the productions. Experimental results indicated that the fire resistance and the thermal stability of the foams could be enhanced with 15 % nanoclay addition. However, nanoclay and the intumescent flame retardant additions into rigid polyurethane foams caused better thermal stability and fire resistance. Meanwhile, it was found that the incorporation of nanoclay / the intumescent flame retardant...

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“…Khakhar et al [22,23] have reported that the use of unmodified and organically modified montmorillonite clays as cell opener in rigid and flexible polyurethane foams. Particles also have a significant effect on cell structure of polyurethane foams [24][25][26][27][28]. Even though a lot of studies have been conducted on polyurethane foams/nano-montmorillonite composites, there have been few studies on the effect of nano-montmorillonite as cell opener on resilient performance of slow-resilience flexible polyurethane foams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of nano-montmorillonite as cell opener on cell morphology and resilient performance of slow-resilience flexible polyurethane foams

et al. 2015

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In this paper, polypropylene glycol Y-1900, unmodified nano-montmorillonite (MMT) and organically modified nano-montmorillonite (OMMT) serving as cell openers are introduced into slow-resilience flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs), aiming at investigating the effects of them on cell morphology and the relationships between cell structure, nano-montmorillonite types and resilient performance of slow-resilience FPUFs. Experimental results indicate that OMMT can sever as an excellent alternative for conventional cell openers. The ability of nanomontmorillonite to open cells mainly depends on their surface property. Both MMT and OMMT are exfoliated in foaming process and play a significant role in cell diameter for nucleating function. The resilient performance of foams is closely related to open cell content and polyurethane matrix nature, due to that the friction effect of nanomontmorillonite and the deformation of open cells will lead to large energy dissipation. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and compression set) are related to cell structure and nano-montmorillonite. The addition of nano-montmorillonite especially organically modified nano-montmorillonite is an effective method to improve resilient performance and mechanical strength.However, this improvement is at the expense of impairing toughness of foams.

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Development of rigid bio-based polyurethane foam reinforced with nanoclay

Cited by 131 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of hard segments on the thermal and mechanical properties of water blown semi-rigid polyurethane foams

Effect of hard segments on the thermal and mechanical properties of water blown semi-rigid polyurethane foams

Nanoki̇l Ve Kabaran Alev Geci̇kti̇ri̇ci̇ İlavesi̇ni̇n Ri̇ji̇t Poli̇üretan Köpük Malzemeleri̇n Isil Bozunma Ve Yanma Davranişlarina Etki̇leri̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇

Effect of nano-montmorillonite as cell opener on cell morphology and resilient performance of slow-resilience flexible polyurethane foams

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