Development of separation systems for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon environmental contaminants using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with molecular micelles and free zone electrophoresis

Abstract

Of four systems available from the literature, based on cyclodextrins, dioctylsulfosuccinate, bile salts, and molecular micelles consisting of oligomers of undecylenic acid, the most successful separation system in our hands is based on the molecular micelles, oligomers of sodium undecylenic acid (OSUA). We have employed organic additives of acetonitrile, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran in achieving separations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PNAs) using molecular micelles. Generally, successful separations are achieved with 20-40% composition as the organic additive in an 8 mM borate buffer. We separated 16 PNAs with 20% tetrahydrofuran in a system of 8 mM borate and 0.125 g/10 mL (ca. 6.25 mM) of OSUA. Typical extracts of environmental samples contain additional analytes besides the typical 16 target compounds. Among these are the nitrogen-containing aromatics that can act as cations under conditions of low pH and additional compounds that can act as anions under basic conditions in free-zone electrophoresis. These additional classes of analytes are separated by capillary zone electrophoresis/laser-induced fluorescence detection using a frequency-doubled laser operated at 257 nm.

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: Current developments and future

“…The number of papers reporting LIF with native fluorescent is scanty [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160] despite LODs as low as 1 ng/mL can be readily achieved. PAHs [153,154] and biogenic compounds [155][156][157][158][159] are the most relevant analytes that can be detected with native fluorescence using 248 and 325 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively, provided by Kr/F and He/Cd laser sources.…”

“…PAHs [153,154] and biogenic compounds [155][156][157][158][159] are the most relevant analytes that can be detected with native fluorescence using 248 and 325 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively, provided by Kr/F and He/Cd laser sources. The determination of very low concentrations of these chemicals in biological samples such as body fluids [155,157,158], microdialyzed samples [160] and animal tissues [157] has demonstrated the feasibility of LIF detection for (bio)chemical analysis when attainable.…”

Undecylenic Acid: A Valuable and Physiologically Active Renewable Building Block from Castor Oil

“…[114] It has been used for the separation of alkyl phtalates and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, [119] and its stability was a major advantage.…”

Retention behavior and selectivity of a latex nanoparticle pseudostationary phase for electrokinetic chromatography

“…More recently, polymeric nanoparticle (NP) PSPs have been introduced and their separation performance characterized [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Polymeric and NP PSPs have also been shown to have significant advantages for use with electrospray ionization and mass spectrometric (MS) detection [37,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52], as well as for the separation of hydrophobic compounds not easily resolved with micellar PSPs [22,[53][54][55][56][57].…”