Development of simultaneous detection of total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and free PSA with rapid bead-based immunoassay

Abstract

The bead-based platform is rapid, sensitive, and less expensive, which allows both single sample and high-throughput measurement of tPSA and fPSA over a wide range of concentrations.

Dielectrophoresis‐Based Protein Enrichment for a Highly Sensitive Immunoassay Using Ag/SiO2 Nanorod Arrays

“…The LoD of 2.6 pg mL −1 was achieved using the device with oxide coated Ag NDs, compared with 7.5 ng mL −1 for assays conducted on glass plates. In comparison, Xie et al utilized Luminex system to measure total PSA and achieved a lower detection limit of 2.3 pg mL −1 . While their platform provides an overall detection strategy on bead‐based technology, our device offers a general enrichment method for sample preconcentration.…”

Biomarker detection technologies and future directions

“…The reported detection limits for tPSA and fPSA are 2.3 pg mL −1 and 1.3 pg mL −1 , respectively. 113 There are several reports on the use of a smartphone as a measurement device in the microfluidic diagnostic tests based on colorimetric immunoassays with a lower limit of detection of 3.2 ng ml −1 PSA in serum samples. 114 It is well accepted that the colorimetric detection is usually more cost-effective, easy-to-use, and rapid.…”

Protein Analytical Assays for Diagnosing, Monitoring, and Choosing Treatment for Cancer Patients

“…Because each bead serves as a separate replicate and many beads can be fabricated simultaneously in batch, bead-based immunoassays may be more reliable, more reproducible, and cheaper than traditional ELISA [69]. Similarly to traditional immunoassays, however, these assays still suffer from non-specific binding, in this case to the polystyrene beads, and with cross reactions between antibodies during multiplexing [69].…”

“…Because each bead serves as a separate replicate and many beads can be fabricated simultaneously in batch, bead-based immunoassays may be more reliable, more reproducible, and cheaper than traditional ELISA [69]. Similarly to traditional immunoassays, however, these assays still suffer from non-specific binding, in this case to the polystyrene beads, and with cross reactions between antibodies during multiplexing [69]. These beads have been used to measure cytokine profiles in breast cancer cells [68], to detect breast cancer from 35 analytes with 91.8% accuracy [69], to detect cystatin B in hepatocellular carcinoma serum [78], and to simultaneously measure free and total PSA in prostate cancer [69].…”

“…Similarly to traditional immunoassays, however, these assays still suffer from non-specific binding, in this case to the polystyrene beads, and with cross reactions between antibodies during multiplexing [69]. These beads have been used to measure cytokine profiles in breast cancer cells [68], to detect breast cancer from 35 analytes with 91.8% accuracy [69], to detect cystatin B in hepatocellular carcinoma serum [78], and to simultaneously measure free and total PSA in prostate cancer [69]. These beads have also been used to detect autoantibodies, or antibodies to cancer antigens present in a patient's blood.…”