Development of stable tocopherol succinate‐loaded ethosomes to enhance transdermal permeation: In vitro and in vivo characterizations

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

et al. 2022

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Background Plants containing high phenolic and flavonoids contents used widely as antioxidant agent by reducing skin photo damaging effects and play important role in skin rejuvenating. Aims This study was performed to explore the cosmetic effects of Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract and to develop stable oil in water (O/W) emulsion base gel loaded with Anacyclus Pyrethrum 10% extract. Objective To explore and quantify phenols and flavonoids present in Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract and determine its cosmetic effects on human skin. Method Emulgel formulation were developed by mixing o/w emulsion with carbopol gelling agent loaded with Anacyclus Pyrethrum (AP) extract and base gel without AP extract. In vitro study was done for the evaluation of color change, liquefaction, hardness, and pH change at different storage condition for the duration of 12 weeks. For in vivo study, emulgel applied on 13 healthy human volunteer's cheeks to evaluate its cosmetics effects and compared with placebo (base). Facial parameters including skin melanin, redness, sebum, moisture content, and skin elasticity were determined by using mexameter, sebumeter, corneometer, elastometer for the study duration of 12 weeks. Results Total phenolic content in Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract was 80.04 ± 0.0043 mg GAE/g, and flavonoids were 54.64 ± 0.0076 mg QE/g. Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract found significantly effective in reducing skin photo‐damage effects (p ≤ 0.05) as compared base gel. Conclusion Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract being rich source of flavonoid and phenolic content, acts as strong antioxidant to protect skin against photo‐damaging effect and improve skin conditions.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and characterization of Anacyclus Pyrethrum Emulgels and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation as cosmeceutical product

Qureshi

Jamil

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

et al. 2022

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“…The drug entrapment efficiency calculated how much amount of the drug was entrapped into developed spherical vesicles. The % EE was calculated by simple indirect analysis technique [ 23 , 33 , 34 ]. First, 1 mL ethosomal suspension was centrifuged for 30 min to obtain a clear supernatant solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structurally, ethosomes are like liposomes, which is a conventional drug delivery system consisting of layered lipids, but ethosomes contain higher concentration of ethanol than ethosomes [ 22 ]. Thanks to their enhanced physicochemical characteristics (e.g., stability, EE), ethosomes are suitable for the efficient transport, controlled and tissue-targeting drug delivery of lipophilic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic drugs into deep layers of skin [ 23 ]. Additionally, this vesicular system is much smaller than liposomes (from tens of nanometers to a few microns) and depicted with unilamellar or multilamellar structure when visualized by TEM [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Ethosomes Containing Tocopherol Acetate to Enhance Transdermal Permeation: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Characterizations

Menaa

et al. 2022

Gels

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Background: Tocopherol acetate (TA) is known as a skin moisturizing and photoprotective agent. One major drawback with tocopherol and its derivatives remains its limited stability. Aim: To develop highly stable TA-containing ethosomal gel (TAEG) as an advanced dosage form. Methods: A cold method technique was used to produce the ethosomes. An in vitro evaluation of viscosity, conductivity, and pH stability was carried out for three months. An in vitro physical characterization of the nanoparticles (NPs) that included particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis was then performed. Organoleptic evaluation, thermostability at 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 40 °C ± 75% RH, pH, conductivity, viscosity, and spreadability measurements were also performed in vitro for three months. An ex vivo permeation study was performed in phosphate-buffered solution (1× PBS; pH 5.5 or pH 7.4) at 37 ± 0.2 °C by using rat abdominal skin and the Franz diffusion cell method. The data of three independent experiments were expressed as mean ± SD. A two-way ANOVA was applied to compare data on TAEG versus TA control gel (TACG). Results: PS of the ethosomes was in the range of 144–289 nm. A total of nine formulations were developed. Optimized TAEG formulation (TA-5) was selected based on the highest entrapment efficiency (EE) of 99.71%, while the stability, the PS, and the uniformity-based polydispersity index (PDI) were also among the best. TA-5 exhibited smooth spherical ethosomal NPs with PS of 200.6 nm, ZP value of −18.6 V, and PDI of 0.465. Stability data obtained for TA-5 in terms of rheology, conductivity, and pH presented no significant change (p > 0.05) during the entire study duration. Rheological studies indicated that TA-5 followed a non-Newtonian behavior of shear thinning system. The ex vivo drug permeation was 44.55 ± 0.01% in TA-5 and the drug retention in skin was 51.20%, which was significantly higher than TACG as observed after 24 h permeation study (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The newly developed TAEG formulation appears promising to enhance the effectivity of TA and its topical application.

“…Monocentric, single blinded study, was performed on 13 healthy human (female) volunteers; aged between 20 and 40 years, for a period of three months 4,12 . Selections of the volunteers were done in accord to ethical guiding principles of Helsinki Declaration, CIOMS' (The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences) International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects; post‐approval from departmental ethics committee, vide Ref.NO.117‐2021‐/PHEC and by the Advanced Studies and Research Board.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Brassica oleraceae L. (Brassicaceae) extract loaded ethosomal gel as a versatile vesicular carrier system for dermocosmetic application: A noninvasive split‐faced study

Khan

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

Khan

et al. 2022

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Background Plant extracts with rich ascorbic acid contents have greater antioxidant capability; extensively employed in skin beautifying products and protect skin from detrimental photodamaging environmental effects. Brassica oleraceae is having a substantial prospective toward cosmeceuticals owed by its profound activity against oxidation. Aim To develop an effective topical ethosomal gel loaded with Brassica oleraceae leaves extract with significant antioxidant activity. Methodology Valuation of antioxidant capability of plant leaves extract by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and quantification of ascorbic acid was done through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ethosomes were prepared by cold method. Optimized suspension containing extract was incorporated in 2% Carbopol gel (test) along with extract solution (control). Noninvasive in vivo studies were performed for final product to assess its effects on skin by measuring melanin and erythema, sebum level, elasticity, moistness level, facial pores count and their area, skin wrinkling, and smoothness. Results Brassica oleraceae (red cabbage) leaves extract exhibited significant antioxidant potential (85.64 ± 1.28%) with 14.22 μg/g of ascorbic acid; expressed prominent cosmetic effects in terms of skin melanin, erythema, sebum, elasticity, hydration, facial pores, wrinkles, and smoothness when incorporated in ethosomes. ANOVA test also exhibited positive significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects on skin. Conclusion Brassica oleraceae extract is a strong antioxidant with remarkable dermocosmetic benefits for skin.