“…Of the different surfacing techniques, hardface welding has the greatest mobility, process flexibility, and thickness-building ability [ 38 ]. The following welding techniques are widely implemented in practice [ 39 , 40 ]: shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) [ 41 , 42 ], gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW [ 43 , 44 ] or TIG) [ 45 , 46 ], gas metal arc welding (GMAW or MIG), submerged arc welding (SAW), manual metal arc welding (MMA or MMAW) and flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) [ 2 , 14 , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] ]. Self-shielded flux-cored wires arc welding (FCAW–S) is more environmentally friendly and more energy efficiency [ 52 ], higher productivity, high quality of the deposited metal, high deposition rate, arc visibility [ 41 , 48 , 49 ].…”