Development of the lymphoid tissues of the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii

Basden, K.; Cooper, D. W.; Deane, Elizabeth M.

doi:10.1071/r96032

Cited by 70 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…The GALT were the last lymphoid tissue to fully mature histologically in the stripe-faced dunnart. This is consistent with other reports of metatherian development [Bryant and Shifrine, 1974;Ashman and Papadimitriou, 1975;Coutinho et al, 1994;Basden et al, Baker et al [1999] 1997; Baker et al, 1999;Cisternas and Armati, 1999] as well as in eutherians [Hinrichsen, 1997]. Table 3 summarises the development of the GALT in marsupial species studied to date.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Development of Lymphoid Tissues of the Stripe-Faced Dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura)

Old

Selwood

Deane

2003

Cells Tissues Organs

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The development of the lymphoid tissues of a model marsupial, the stripe-faced dunnart, has been described from birth to weaning, a period of 2.5 months. At birth the lymphoid tissues, including the thymus, lymph nodes and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, were undeveloped. A thoracic thymus consisting primarily of stromal tissue was observed by day 4 after birth but by day 12, lymphocytes were observed in the thymus and some cortico-medullary differentiation was apparent. Lymph nodes were histologically mature by day 31, the earliest day investigated for this tissue. In gut tissue, lymphoid follicles were first observed by day 57 post-partum. No bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue was observed in any lung samples. The thymus, lymph nodes and gut-associated lymphoid tissues were all distinguishable before weaning (day 70) but not all were histologically mature. The sequence of development of the lymphoid tissues in the stripe-faced dunnart was similar to those observed in other marsupial species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Development of Lymphoid Tissues of the Stripe-Faced Dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura)

Old

Selwood

Deane

2003

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…This has been reported in the adult koala , the tammar wallaby [Basden et al, 1997] and in the Australian dasyurids, A. swainsonii and A. stuartii [Poskitt et al, 1984a] as well as many eutherian species including humans [Marusic et al, 1998]. Stripe-faced dunnarts lack the intense mating periods observed in Antechinus species and hence, it is presumed like most other mammals that the involution was due to age rather than stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Histological Investigation of the Lymphoid and Immunohaematopoietic Tissues of the Adult Stripe-Faced Dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura)

Old

Selwood

Deane

2003

Cells Tissues Organs

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This is the first published description of the lymphoid and immunohaematopoietic tissues of an Australian polyprotodont, the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura and the first account of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in a metatherian. Histologically, the tissue beds are similar in appearance to those reported in other adult eutherian and metatherian mammals. The liver and bone marrow were mature and virtually no haematopoietic activity was observed. The thymus had undergone involution but retained some lymphocytes. The spleen was similar to that observed in other metatherians containing areas of red and white pulp separated by a marginal zone. Lymph nodes, except for a pair in the posterior abdomen, were difficult to locate but were similar to those observed previously in other adult metatherians. Peyer’s patches were present; however, they lacked dome regions and sometimes had villi above them. BALT appeared to be both compartmentalised and non-compartmentalised in the adult stripe-faced dunnart.

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“…At this time, the marsupial neonate is still developing an immune system and the finding suggests that an innate defence mechanism may be active at this early stage (Basden et al, 1997;Old and Deane, 2000). CD14 and TLR4 had distinct patterns of expression in early pouch life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Organogenesis and physiological maturation in the young take place while suckling and are especially rapid in the immediate postnatal phase. As a consequence of this strategy, the newborn is exposed to environmental pathogens at a stage when it has no functional immune system; indeed, adaptive immunity is only evident in the 'switch phase', a period immediately before it first leaves the pouch (Basden et al, 1997). Prior to immune development, protection of the marsupial neonate is conferred by secretion of immune components in the milk of the mother Adamski and Demmer, 2000;Demmer et al, 1999;Western et al, 2003), but there is also the possibility that the young are protected through innate immune mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in the spleen, liver, cervical thymus, bone marrow and jejunum, TLR4 expression was elevated from 90 until 105·days. This coincides with the maturation of secondary immune tissues and adaptive immune responses (Basden et al, 1997;Old and Deane, 2000) and the start of the switch phase just prior to emergence. Hence, these increases may represent an immune strategy in preparation for exposure to new pathogens in the ex marsupium environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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CD14 and TLR4 are expressed early in tammar (Macropus eugenii)neonate development

Daly

Lefèvre

Nicholas

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYMarsupials are born in a relatively underdeveloped state and develop during a period of intensive maturation in the postnatal period. During this period, the young marsupial lacks a competent immune system, but manages to survive despite the potential of exposure to environmental pathogens. Passive immune transfer via the milk is one well-recognised strategy to compensate the neonate, but there also may be innate immune mechanisms in place. In this study, CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), integral molecular components of pathogen recognition, were identified and characterised for the first time in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Functional motifs of tammar CD14 and the toll/interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of TLR4 were highly conserved. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding residues and the TLR4 interaction site of CD14 were conserved in all marsupials. The TIR signalling domain had 84% identity within marsupials and 77% with eutherians. Stimulation of adult tammar leukocytes resulted in the induction of a biphasic pattern of CD14 and TLR4 expression, and coincided with increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Differential patterns of expression of CD14 and TLR4 were observed in tammar pouch young early in development, suggesting that early maturation of the innate immune system in these animals may have developed as an immune survival strategy to protect the marsupial neonate from exposure to microbial pathogens.

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Development of the lymphoid tissues of the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Development of Lymphoid Tissues of the Stripe-Faced Dunnart <i>(Sminthopsis macroura)</i>

Development of Lymphoid Tissues of the Stripe-Faced Dunnart <i>(Sminthopsis macroura)</i>

A Histological Investigation of the Lymphoid and Immunohaematopoietic Tissues of the Adult Stripe-Faced Dunnart <i>(Sminthopsis macroura)</i>

CD14 and TLR4 are expressed early in tammar (Macropus eugenii)neonate development

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