Development of the Protective Behavioral Strategies Survey.

ABSTRACT. Objective: A debate remains regarding whether parents should teach their children harm-reduction tips for using alcohol while in college or whether they should maintain a zero-tolerance policy. Which type of alcohol-related communication parents should endorse is not empirically clear. The current study made use of a longitudinal measurement-burst design to examine this issue. Method: The sample consisted of 585 second-year students from a large university in the northeastern United States. Participants completed a baseline survey and 14 daily web-based surveys. Students were assessed for perceptions of parental alcohol-related messages and their own alcohol use. Multilevel models were estimated using HLM 6.04. Results: The data indicate that zero-tolerance messages appeared most protective against alcohol use and consequences. Harm-reduction messages were most risky, even when compared with mixed messages or the absence of a message. Conclusions: Findings indicate that a zero-tolerance approach was associated with safer outcomes than other messages, even if students were already using alcohol. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 71-79, 2012)

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Associations Between Perceived Parental Alcohol-Related Messages and College Student Drinking

Abar

Morgan²,

Small³

et al. 2012

“…Discussing the use of protective strategies, which are behaviors that one engages in to limit potential consequences if they choose to use substances (e.g., avoiding high-risk drinking activities like drinking games, monitoring how much one is drinking), is one important component of these approaches. For example, a growing empirical body of research has investigated the use of protective behavioral strategies for alcohol use, including scales for assessing the behaviors (Martens et al, 2005(Martens et al, , 2007 and interventions centered around teaching and reinforcing the use of these strategies while drinking (Kenney et al, 2014). Engagement in these behaviors by drinkers has been found to be associated with less frequent consequences and fewer heavy drinking episodes (Borden et al, 2011;LaBrie et al, 2010;Pearson, 2013).…”

Section: Y Oung Adults Are An At-risk Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items that were rated with means of 3.0 or higher across the five authors were retained, generating a list of 50 items for inclusion in the testing of the scale with young adult marijuana users. Based on wording from similar protective strategies scales for alcohol use (Martens et al, 2005(Martens et al, , 2007, we chose a response style from 1 (never) to 6 (always) and asked participants to "Please indicate the degree to which you engage in the following behaviors when using marijuana/cannabis. "…”

Section: Development Of the Protective Behavioral Strategies For Marimentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Use Among Young Adults

Pedersen

Hummer

Rinker

et al. 2016

ABSTRACT. Objective: Marijuana use can result in a variety of negative consequences, yet it remains popular among young adults and the general public at large. Combined with the growing empirical support for the benefits of medicinal marijuana as well as the steady increase in popular opinion regarding its legalization, it is of growing importance to identify strategies that may mitigate the harms related to marijuana use, reduce consumption levels, and limit resulting negative consequences among young adults who use marijuana. The purpose of this study was to develop and conduct initial psychometric analyses on a new scale, which we named the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana (PBSM) scale. Method: A sample of undergraduate college students who reported past-6-month marijuana use (n = 210) responded to the initial pool of PBSM items and completed measures of marijuana use, consequences from marijuana use, alcohol use, and protective behavioral strategies for alcohol. Results: Results from an iterative principal component analyses process yielded a single-factor structure with 39 items. The PBSM mean composite score negatively associated with marijuana use and consequences, with the strongest correlations evident for pastmonth users. The PBSM also significantly positively correlated with alcohol protective strategies. Conclusions: Protective behavioral strategies for marijuana appear to be a measurable construct that are related to marijuana frequency and consequences, and thus may be a useful component of intervention and prevention programs with young adults. More work testing the PBSM items with larger and more diverse samples of young adults is encouraged. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 77, 441-450, 2016)

“…The Protective Behavioral Strategies Survey (Martens et al, 2005), a 15-item questionnaire examining behavioral strategies individuals engage in after drinking or "partying," was used in this study. Response options were measured on a Likerttype scale ranging from 1 (no, never) to 5 (always).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drinking PBS have been categorized as strategies intended to either limit or stop drinking (e.g., not exceeding a certain number of drinks), alter the manner of drinking (e.g., drinking slowly rather than gulping or chugging), or reduce serious harm (e.g., going home with a friend, knowing where your drink is at all times; Martens et al, 2005). College women often report greater use of serious harm-reduction strategies compared with limiting/stopping drinking or altering the manner of drinking (Benton et al, 2004).…”

Section: Sexual Assault Type Alcohol Use and Drinking Protective Bementioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Assault History and Its Association With the Use of Drinking Protective Behavioral Strategies Among College Women

Gilmore

Stappenbeck

Lewis

et al. 2015

ABSTRACT. Objective: The current study examined the relationship between sexual assault history and drinking protective behavioral strategies (PBS). Given the relationship between sexual assault history and alcohol use, we hypothesized that after we controlled for drinking behavior, women with a childhood sexual abuse (CSA) history would use fewer drinking PBS than those without a CSA history. We also hypothesized that a history of adolescent/adult sexual assault (ASA) involving incapacitation and force would be associated with lower use of drinking PBS after controlling for CSA history and drinking behavior. Method: A total of 800 undergraduate college women completed a survey online. Results: Regression analyses indicated that the only sexual assault history type that was consistently related to all three types of drinking PBS was ASA involving incapacitation. Women with a history of incapacitated ASA were less likely to use any type of drinking PBS than women without such history. A history of other types of sexual assault (CSA, physically forced ASA, and verbally coerced ASA) was associated only with lower use of serious harm-reduction drinking PBS, such as going home with a friend or knowing the location of your drink. Conclusions: This was the first study to examine the relationship between different sexual assault histories and drinking PBS, and it furthers our understanding of the relationship between alcohol and sexual assault. Possible reasons for this relationship between ASA and PBS use are discussed. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 76, 459-464, 2015)