Development of the sensory system in larvae and pupae of Chaoborus crystallinus (DeGeer, 1776; Diptera, Chaoboridae): sensory cells, nerves and ganglia of the tail region

Wohlfrom, Hildegard; Melzer, Roland R.

doi:10.1007/s004270000127

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For vital stains, we recommend a protocol originally designed for Chaoborus larvae (Diptera) as described in [65], and subsequently used for Zoeae [66]. Larvae are kept in small vials in sea-or freshwater (depending on the natural habitat of the animals), and then a few drops of DAPI stain solution (ca.…”

Section: Description Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae II: analysing cells and tissues

et al. 2021

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Cells and tissues form the bewildering diversity of crustacean larval organ systems which are necessary for these organisms to autonomously survive in the plankton. For the developmental biologist, decapod crustaceans provide the fascinating opportunity to analyse how the adult organism unfolds from organ Anlagen compressed into a miniature larva in the sub-millimetre range. This publication is the second part of our survey of methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae. In a companion paper, we have already described the techniques for culturing larvae in the laboratory and dissecting and chemically fixing their tissues for histological analyses. Here, we review various classical and more modern imaging techniques suitable for analyses of eidonomy, anatomy, and morphogenetic changes within decapod larval development, and protocols including many tips and tricks for successful research are provided. The methods cover reflected-light-based methods, autofluorescence-based imaging, scanning electron microscopy, usage of specific fluorescence markers, classical histology (paraffin, semithin and ultrathin sectioning combined with light and electron microscopy), X-ray microscopy (µCT), immunohistochemistry and usage of in vivo markers. For each method, we report our personal experience and give estimations of the method’s research possibilities, the effort needed, costs and provide an outlook for future directions of research.

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Section: Description Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae II: analysing cells and tissues

et al. 2021

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“…and Opilio canestrinii , after Wohlfrom & Melzer [33]: The cephalothorax was dissected and fixed overnight at 4°C in 4% formaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS. Afterwards specimens were rinsed overnight in 0.1 M PBS, 0.1% NaN 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The visual system of harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida, Chelicerata) – a re-examination

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe visual systems in chelicerates are poorly understood, even though they show strong variation in eye and visual neuropil architecture, thus may provide valuable insights for the understanding of chelicerate phylogeny and eye evolution. Comparable morphological characters are desperately sought for reconstructions of the phylogeny of Chelicerata, especially with respect to Arachnida. So far, reliable data exist only for Pycnogonida, Xiphosura, Scorpiones, and Araneae. The few earlier studies of the organisation of the visual system in harvestmen are contradictory concerning the number, morphology, and position of the visual neuropils.ResultsWe undertook a descriptive and comparative analysis of the neuroanatomy of the visual system in several phalangid harvestmen species. Various traditional and modern methods were used that allow comparisons with previous results (cobalt fills, DiI/DiO labelling, osmium ethyl gallate procedure, and TEM). The R-cells (photoreceptor and arhabdomeric cells) in the eyes of Opiliones are linked to a first and a second visual neuropil. The first visual neuropil receives input from all R-cell axons, in the second only few R-cells terminate in the distal part. Hence, the second visual neuropil is subdivided in a part with direct R-cell input and a part without. The arcuate body is located in a subsequent position with direct contact to the second visual neuropil.ConclusionsThis re-examination comes to conclusions different from those of all previous studies. The visual system of phalangid Opiliones occupies an intermediate position between Pycnogonida, Xiphosura, and Scorpiones on the one side, and Araneae on the other side. The projection of the R-cells is similar to that in the former grouping, the general neuropil arrangement to that in the latter taxon. However, more research on the visual systems in other chelicerate orders is needed in order to draw inferences on phylogeny or eye evolution.

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“…( Euscorpius hadzii , after Wohlfrom and Melzer [43]): The cephalothorax was dissected and fixed overnight at 4°C in 4% formaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS. Afterwards specimens were rinsed overnight in 0.1 M PBS, 0.1% NaN 3 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking like Limulus? – Retinula axons and visual neuropils of the median and lateral eyes of scorpions

Lehmann

Melzer

2013

Front Zool

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BackgroundDespite ongoing interest in the neurophysiology of visual systems in scorpions, aspects of their neuroanatomy have received little attention. Lately sets of neuroanatomical characters have contributed important arguments to the discussion of arthropod ground patterns and phylogeny. In various attempts to reconstruct phylogeny (from morphological, morphological + molecular, or molecular data) scorpions were placed either as basalmost Arachnida, or within Arachnida with changing sister-group relationships, or grouped with the extinct Eurypterida and Xiphosura inside the Merostomata. Thus, the position of scorpions is a key to understanding chelicerate evolution. To shed more light on this, the present study for the first time combines various techniques (Cobalt fills, DiI / DiO labelling, osmium-ethyl gallate procedure, and AMIRA 3D-reconstruction) to explore central projections and visual neuropils of median and lateral eyes in Euscorpius italicus (Herbst, 1800) and E. hadzii Di Caporiacco, 1950.ResultsScorpion median eye retinula cells are linked to a first and a second visual neuropil, while some fibres additionally connect the median eyes with the arcuate body. The lateral eye retinula cells are linked to a first and a second visual neuropil as well, with the second neuropil being partly shared by projections from both eyes.ConclusionsComparing these results to previous studies on the visual systems of scorpions and other chelicerates, we found striking similarities to the innervation pattern in Limulus polyphemus for both median and lateral eyes. This supports from a visual system point of view at least a phylogenetically basal position of Scorpiones in Arachnida, or even a close relationship to Xiphosura. In addition, we propose a ground pattern for the central projections of chelicerate median eyes.

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Development of the sensory system in larvae and pupae of Chaoborus crystallinus (DeGeer, 1776; Diptera, Chaoboridae): sensory cells, nerves and ganglia of the tail region

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae II: analysing cells and tissues

Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae II: analysing cells and tissues

The visual system of harvestmen (Opiliones, Arachnida, Chelicerata) – a re-examination

Looking like Limulus? – Retinula axons and visual neuropils of the median and lateral eyes of scorpions

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