Development of vibratory flame propagation in short closed tubes and vessels

Tulip flame - the mechanism of flame front inversion

“…Latter experimental works [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] put into evidence that a first significant pressure perturbation in the above described process of flame propagation may be produced (in the form of rarefaction wave) at the moment of the rapid decrease of the flame surface area due to the extinction of lateral flame skirt in contact with chamber side walls. Before this moment only a monotonous smooth pressure increase is observed.…”

Premixed flame response to oscillatory pressure waves

“…processes. Experimental research has shown the presence and influence of such instabilities for openend tubes [3], closed-end tubes [4], closed spherical chambers [5], and for vented enclosures [6,7]. Flame-acoustic instabilities have long been associated with slow flames, which though disturbed by obstacles are not greatly impeded by them.…”

Experimental study on the characteristic stages of premixed hydrogen-air flame propagation in a horizontal rectangular closed duct

“…The pressure difference is created by the pressure wave traveling forth and back in the duct. According to Leyer and Manson [45], the observed pressure wave is initiated by the sudden reduction of the amount of expanding burnt gas after the flame skirt touches the walls. The forward moving pressure wave reflects at the right end wall and then travels to the left.…”