Development, Standardization, and Applications of Alkali-activated Concretes

Deventer, Jannie van; Brice, David G.; Bernal, Susan A.; Provis, John L.

doi:10.1520/stp156620120083

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Conceptual illustration of the interconnected R&D and commercial advances which are required for field deployment of alkali-activated materials in construction. After [92].…”

Section: Barriers and Incentivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali-activated materials

Provis

2018

Cement and Concrete Research

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1,323

371

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This paper, which forms part of the UNEP White Papers series on Eco-Efficient Cements, provides a brief discussion of the class of cementing materials known as 'alkali-activated binders', which are identified to have potential for utilization as a key component of a sustainable future global construction materials industry. These cements are not expected to offer a like-for-like replacement of Portland cement across its full range of applications, for reasons related to supply chain limitations, practical challenges in some modes of application, and the need for careful control of formulation and curing. However, when produced using locallyavailable raw materials, with well-formulated mix designs (including in particular consideration of the environmental footprint of the alkaline activator) and production under adequate levels of quality control, alkali-activated binders are potentially an important and cost-effective component of the future toolkit of sustainable construction materials.

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“…Conceptual illustration of the interconnected R&D and commercial advances which are required for field deployment of alkali-activated materials in construction. After [92].…”

Section: Barriers and Incentivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali-activated materials

Provis

2018

Cement and Concrete Research

Self Cite

1,323

371

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show abstract

“…Although there is formal recognition of AAC as being equivalent to OPC by a state roads authority, VicRoads, in Australia [36,37], AAC is not in general accepted in concrete standards worldwide. The lack of a long in-service track record for AAC necessitates a performance-based approach linking diffusional transport properties to durability, valid for any concrete independent of its chemistry or phase composition.…”

Section: Pathways To Commercialisation and The Role Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confidence in AAC has to be built step by step by gradually tackling more advanced applications, especially regarding durability, as has been done previously for OPC and OPC+SCM blended concretes [37]. Each application requires knowledge of the specific characteristics of the material to meet set targets, and so close collaboration between academic researchers and industry is helpful in adapting AAC mix designs to a specific situation.…”

Section: Pathways To Commercialisation and The Role Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and durability of alkali-activated materials as key parameters for standardization

Deventer

Nicolas

Ismail

et al. 2014

Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials

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Alkali-activated concrete (AAC) has been commercialised as a low-CO2 construction material, but its adoption still faces several challenges, including standardisation, lack of a dedicated supply chain, limited service track record, and the question of whether laboratory durability testing can predict service life. This paper outlines how using different precursors leads to the formation of different AAC phase assemblages, and how AAC can be recognised in standards using a performance-based approach independent of binder chemistry. Microstructural assessment of pastes, strength development, water permeability and chloride migration of two AACs (100% slag and 1:1 slag:fly ash) are presented, and compared to Portland cement concrete. Manipulation of binder chemistry leads to differences in the properties of the AACs; however, both AACs assessed exhibited technical benefits in a performance-based comparison. AACs can meet the requirements of the equivalent performance concept, independent of the binder chemistry, supporting their scale-up, regulatory acceptance and wider adoption.

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“…Hence, by default no alternatives to Portland cement satisfy such codes and standards. In certain circumstances, such country-based standards have been replaced by organizationspecific performance-based standards, such as those that were created and implemented by the Roads Corporation of Victoria in Australia for alkali-activated concrete [54]. It has been acknowledged that switching to performance-based concrete standards would enhance the uptake of alternative cements in the construction industry [53], and recommendations for such performance-based standards are being developed by international organizations such as RILEM [54].…”

Section: Standards and Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali-activated materials: the role of molecular-scale research and lessons from the energy transition to combat climate change

White¹

2020

RILEM Tech Lett

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Alternative (i.e., non-Portland) cements, such as alkali-activated materials, have gained significant interest from the scientific community due to their proven CO2 savings compared with Portland cement together with known short-term performance properties. However, the concrete industry remains dominated by Portland cement-based concrete. This Letter explores the technical and non-technical hurdles preventing implementation of an alternative cement, such as alkali-activated materials, in the concrete industry and discusses how these hurdles can be overcome. Specifically, it is shown that certain technical hurdles, such as a lack of understanding how certain additives affect setting of alkali-activated materials (and Portland cement) and the absence of long-term in-field performance data of these sustainable cements, can be mitigated via the use of key molecular- and nano-scale experimental techniques to elucidate dominant material characteristics, including those that control long-term performance. In the second part of this Letter the concrete industry is compared and contrasted with the electricity generation industry, and specifically the transition from one dominant technology (i.e., coal) to a diverse array of energy sources including renewables. It is concluded that financial incentives and public advocacy (akin to advocacy for renewables in the energy sector) would significantly enhance uptake of alternative cements in the concrete industry.

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Development, Standardization, and Applications of Alkali-activated Concretes

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Alkali-activated materials

Alkali-activated materials

Microstructure and durability of alkali-activated materials as key parameters for standardization

Alkali-activated materials: the role of molecular-scale research and lessons from the energy transition to combat climate change

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