“…According to Unctad (2021), exports from developed economies, such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom, to countries with developing economies in Asia, specially China, have experienced an increase of 29,43%. Specifically on the TSR, from 2008 to 2019, there was a 33.5% growth in traffic, reaching 26 million TEU, assuming 10 tons per TEU (Hilmola, Li, & Panova, 2021). This increased logistic capacity and the investment of USD 4-8 trillion strengthens the TSR as a cross-border routing alternative (Menhas, Mahmood, Tanchangya, Safdar, & Hussain, 2019;Wang et al, 2020).…”