Developmental Changes in Microbody Enzyme Activities in Germinating Spores of the Fern Pteris vittata

Gemmrich, Armin R.

doi:10.1016/s0044-328x(80)80029-8

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…D.filixmas and Thelypteris dentata (21), Chl could not be detected until the spores had germinated and produced a prothallus. Not until this stage in development were levels of GO activity high enough to be measured (14). The presence of the enzyme in Onoclea spores and the observed change in activity as germination proceeded indicates that in this species photorespiration may be active from the start of germination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biochemistry of Fern Spore Germination

DeMaggio¹,

Greene²,

Stetler³

1980

Plant Physiol.

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In chlorophyll-containin spores of Onoclea sensibdis, depletion of Upid reserves during germination is correlated with increases in the activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. In Onocka, the heterotrophic activity associated with Upid catabolism occurs at the same time that autotrophic activity is taking place. Increases in chlorophyll content and in the activity of glycolate oxidase were recorded during the earliest stages of spore germination. In this species, there is no temporal separation of heterotrophic and autotrophic reactions. Concurrent increases in glyoxylate and glycolate cycle activities appear to occur naturally.Considerable information is available concerning the biochemistry of seed germination (2, 9), but comparable information is lacking for fern spore germination. Recent evidence from this laboratory indicated that glyoxylate cycle enzymes were active during germination of spores of the fern Dryopterisfilix-mas (7).In this species, there was a direct correlation between increases in activity of both isocitrate lysase and malate synthase and the hydrolysis of lipid reserves. As the spore coat ruptured and the photosynthetic prothallus developed, activity of glyoxylate enzymes ceased and an increase in activity ofglycolate cycle enzymes was noted (A. E. DeMaggio, unpublished data). The shift from glyoxylate to glycolate metabolism is similar to that occurring during the germination of cucurbit seeds and is characterized by the successive participation of the two unique sets of enzymes (3,24). The transition from a heterotrophic to an autotrophic pattern of development would appear to be similar in fatty seeds and spores.There are, however, species offerns that produce Chl-containing spores and, for these, a different nutritional pattern characterizes germination. Unlike non-green spores, these contain relatively plasts indicate that the spores are metabolically distinct from seeds and non-green spores. In this report we present evidence that enzymes of both glyoxylate and glycolate pathways function during spore germination in the light and exhibit simultaneous increases in activity. From these findings, it is suggested that heterotrophic and autotrophic reactions are not temporally separated during germination of Onoclea spores but occur concurrently.MATERIALS AND METHODS 0. sensibilis sporophylls were collected in Hanover, NH, during the spring, 1978. Spores were shaken from air-dried sporophylls and sporangia, sifted through lens paper, and refrigerated at 5 C until used. Spores (100 mg) were shaken in H20, to which a drop of Aerosol O.T. (Fisher Scientific Co., Fairlawn, NJ) had been added, and spread on wet filter paper in a Petri dish to germinate. Dishes were maintained in a room at 25 C and exposed daily to a 12-h light period of 250 ft-c provided by a combination of incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Ungerminated spores and spores germinated for specific lengths of time were collected, blotted between filter paper, and weighed and aliquot...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biochemistry of Fern Spore Germination

DeMaggio¹,

Greene²,

Stetler³

1980

Plant Physiol.

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“…In the dark with GA3, no prominent changes in the fatty acid pattern were found during 3 weeks of germination, except for a slight increase of linoleic acid (about 3% of the initial amount ofthe dry spore; data not shown). In contrast to spores germinated in white light (Gemmrich 1977) or in red light (Tab. 1), in dark-grown prothalli no linolenic acid was found (not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spores oi Anemia phyllitidis (L.) Sw. were harvested trom plants grown in the greenhouse of the University°i ulm. Gametophytes were cultured on a liquid mineral salt medium (Gemmrich 1975) at 21-23°C at diferent light regimes. White light was provided by white fluorescent lamps (Osram -L 65W 32, Warm White L>e Luxe; 10 W m"^).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experiments with gibberellic acid, the "ledium was supplemented with 10-'*g/ml GA3 (Flukâ G, Buchs). ipid analysis otal lipid content was determined gravimetrically as described previously (Gemmrich 1977). Fatty acid "lethyl esters were prepared from the total hpid extract or from individual Upid classes by methylation with BF3-IJiethanol aeeording to the procedure of Van Wijngaaren (1967).…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system offers a possibility '" study the effects of both these germination inducing factors -phytoehrome and GA -on the early event* during this process. This paper eompares the effects "i red light and GA upon lipolytic activities which belong to the first significant metabolic events in germination (Gemmrich 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of red light and gibberellic acid on lipid metabolism in germinating spores of the fern Anemia phyllitidis

Gemmrich

1982

Physiologia Plantarum

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The spores of the fern Anemia phyllitidis contain abundant quantities of lipid as reserve material. Germination of these spores can be induced either by red light or, even in the dark, by gibberellic acid. The effects of both these factors on lipid degradation, lipase and isocitrate lyase activities, and on the fatty acid composition have been studied in the course of the germination process. During germination in darkness with gibberellic acid, the fatty acid composition remained similar to that in the ungerminated spore. In contrast, when spores were germinated in red light, α‐linolenic acid was synthesized. Little activity of lipase and isocitrate lyase could be detected in the dry spore. Red light or gibberellic acid affected a dramatic increase of the activities of these enzymes. Lipid breakdown and lipase activity were more active in red light, however. Permanent stimuli were necessary for growth and complete lipid degradation. Induction of germination simultaneously with both factors revealed an additivity of the effects of red light and gibberellic acid.

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Conservation of Fern Spores

Ballesteros¹

2010

Working With Ferns

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Developmental Changes in Microbody Enzyme Activities in Germinating Spores of the Fern Pteris vittata

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Biochemistry of Fern Spore Germination

Biochemistry of Fern Spore Germination

Effect of red light and gibberellic acid on lipid metabolism in germinating spores of the fern Anemia phyllitidis

Conservation of Fern Spores

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