Developmental expression of nitric oxide synthase isoform I and III in chick retina

Glutamate signaling in the mature retinal tissue is very important for accurate sensory decoding by retinal neurons and orchestrates the fine‐tuned output from the retina to higher‐order centers at the cerebral cortex. In this study, we show that glutamate induces a rapid extracellular‐regulated kinase and cAMP‐responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in cultured developing retinal neurons. This process is reliant on α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate receptors and nitric oxide (NO) signaling and independent of NMDA receptors activation, as it is blocked by α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate/kainate antagonists as well as inhibiting NO synthase with NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester but not by the NMDA channel blocker dizocilpine maleate. The effect of NO on extracellular‐regulated kinase and CREB is mediated by the classical NO/soluble guanylyl cyclase/protein kinase G pathways as it is inhibited by the soluble guanylyl cyclase blocker 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one and the protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823, respectively. Immunocytochemical data suggest that increased CREB phosphorylation in response to glutamate occurs in glial cell nuclei. We also have supporting evidence suggesting that neuronally produced NO directly reaches the glial cells and stimulates CREB phosphorylation. Hence, the results indicate the importance of neuronal–glial communication and glutamate/NO/CREB linkage during retinal development.

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“…1996; Blute et al. 1997; Goureau et al. 1997) and this NO producing system is highly responsive to calcium ions (de‐Faria et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate and nitric oxide modulate ERK and CREB phosphorylation in the avian retina: evidence for direct signaling from neurons to Müller glial cells

Socodato

Magalhães

Paes‐de‐Carvalho

2008

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…Studies on the visual system showed that NADPH-d and NOS colocalized in the turtle retina (Blute et al 1997). Using biochemical techniques and NADPH-d histochemistry, Goureau et al (1997) found NADPH-d-positive structures and measured Ca-dependent NOS activity in 516 Fig. 4 A The course of the tractus isthmo-opticus (arrows) in a sagittal section cut from the brain of an E19 embryo.…”

Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental changes of NADPH-diaphorase positive structures in the isthmic nuclei of the chick

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2000

Anatomy and Embryology

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Nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase staining was used to study nitric oxide synthase activity and distribution in the midbrain visual structures of white leghorn chick embryos and post-hatched chickens. Enzyme staining first appeared in the isthmic region at the tenth embryonic day (E10) in the neuropil of the nucleus isthmi, pars parvocellularis. At E11 faint enzyme positivity appeared also in the nucl. isthmi pars magnocellularis, the nucl. semilunaris and the nucl. isthmo-opticus. The staining intensity of the isthmic nuclei dramatically increased between the 12.5th and the 13th days of incubation. The nucl. isthmi, pars parvocellularis showed the strongest enzyme reaction throughout embryonic life. A day before hatching all the isthmic nuclei were heavily stained, however, nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive cells occurred exclusively in the nucleus isthmo-opticus. In the tectum opticum, intensely stained cells occupied the stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale. The layer containing the projection neurons to the isthmo-optic nucleus was unstained. In the isthmic region, the intensity of staining surpassed that of the tectum and reached its maximum at E17 and then slowly decreased till the end of the experimental period (120 days post-hatched). The tractus isthmo-opticus showed nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase activity throughout the investigated period of life of the chicken, but the tractus tectoisthmo-opticus was unstained. Our results suggest that in the isthmic nuclei, nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons occur only in the isthmo-optic nucleus and optic tectum. The other positively stained structures are the fibers and terminals of tectal cells. In most brain areas nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase indicates nitric oxide synthase that produces nitric oxide. The transient appearance of this molecule is probably necessary for neuronal differentiation or the establishment of synaptic connections in the isthmic nuclei, and these developmental changes are under the control of the optic tectum.

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“…The restricted efferent fibers and their postsynaptic partners, the target amacrine cells, with whom they have a one-to-one synaptic relationship, have been described as strongly positive for both nNOS and NADPHd in several studies (Morgan et al, 1994;Goureau et al, 1997;Fischer & Stell, 1999;Posada & Clarke, 1999;Cellerino et al, 2000;Rios et al, 2000;Lindstrom et al, 2009). The unique anatomy of this pair of cells has allowed their unambiguous identification in this study.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studies On Chicken Retinamentioning

confidence: 62%

Regional distribution of nitrergic neurons in the inner retina of the chicken

et al. 2011

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Using both NADPH diaphorase and anti-nNOS antibodies, we have identified-from retinal flatmounts-neuronal types in the inner retina of the chicken that are likely to be nitrergic. The two methods gave similar results and yielded a total of 15 types of neurons, comprising 9 amacrine cells, 5 ganglion cells, and 1 centrifugal midbrain neuron. Six of these 15 cell types are ubiquitously distributed, comprising 3 amacrine cells, 2 displaced ganglion cells, and a presumed orthotopic ganglion cell. The remaining nine cell types are regionally restricted within the retina. As previously reported, efferent fibers of midbrain neurons and their postsynaptic partners, the unusual axon-bearing target amacrine cells, are entirely confined to the ventral retina. Also confined to the ventral retina, though with somewhat different distributions, are the "bullwhip" amacrine cells thought to be involved in eye growth, an orthotopic ganglion cell, and two types of large axon-bearing amacrine cells whose dendrites and axons lie in stratum 1 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Intracellular fills of these two cell types showed that only a minority of otherwise morphologically indistinguishable neurons are nitrergic. Two amacrine cells that branch throughout the IPL are confined to an equatorial band, and one small-field orthotopic ganglion cell that branches in the proximal IPL is entirely dorsal. These findings suggest that the retina uses different processing on different regions of the visual image, though the benefit of this is presently obscure.

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Developmental expression of nitric oxide synthase isoform I and III in chick retina

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Glutamate and nitric oxide modulate ERK and CREB phosphorylation in the avian retina: evidence for direct signaling from neurons to Müller glial cells

Glutamate and nitric oxide modulate ERK and CREB phosphorylation in the avian retina: evidence for direct signaling from neurons to Müller glial cells

Developmental changes of NADPH-diaphorase positive structures in the isthmic nuclei of the chick

Regional distribution of nitrergic neurons in the inner retina of the chicken

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