Developmental plasticity in a meristic character: the number of tentacles in the lophophore of a bryozoan species

Amui‐Vedel, Ann‐Margret; Clancy, Lisa Maria; Arthur, Wallace

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01735.x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During multicellular development, the variation in molecular concentrations is either canalized (Waddington, 1942 , 1959 ; Alvarez-Buylla et al, 2010 ), e.g., reduced (Manu et al, 2009 ), or amplified (Alim et al, 2012 ; Uyttewaal et al, 2012 ). Thus, molecular stochasticity is transmitted to macroscopic characteristics of organs and tissues, such as the domain size of gene expression (Manu et al, 2009 ) or the number of organs [e.g., body segments in vertebrates (Allen and MacDowell, 1940 ; Richardson et al, 1998 ) and Myriapoda (Kettle et al, 2003 ; Vedel et al, 2010 ), tentacles (Amui-Vedel et al, 2011 ), and floral organs in plants (Herrera, 2009 )]. The developmental bases of stochasticity in the discrete traits, such as that in organ numbers, however, has been little examined in animals (Arthur and Farrow, 1999 ) and plants (Bachmann and Chambers, 1978 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A developmental basis for stochasticity in floral organ numbers

Kitazawa

Fujimoto

2014

Front. Plant Sci.

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Stochasticity ubiquitously inevitably appears at all levels from molecular traits to multicellular, morphological traits. Intrinsic stochasticity in biochemical reactions underlies the typical intercellular distributions of chemical concentrations, e.g., morphogen gradients, which can give rise to stochastic morphogenesis. While the universal statistics and mechanisms underlying the stochasticity at the biochemical level have been widely analyzed, those at the morphological level have not. Such morphological stochasticity is found in foral organ numbers. Although the floral organ number is a hallmark of floral species, it can distribute stochastically even within an individual plant. The probability distribution of the floral organ number within a population is usually asymmetric, i.e., it is more likely to increase rather than decrease from the modal value, or vice versa. We combined field observations, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling to study the developmental basis of the variation in floral organ numbers among 50 species mainly from Ranunculaceae and several other families from core eudicots. We compared six hypothetical mechanisms and found that a modified error function reproduced much of the asymmetric variation found in eudicot floral organ numbers. The error function is derived from mathematical modeling of floral organ positioning, and its parameters represent measurable distances in the floral bud morphologies. The model predicts two developmental sources of the organ-number distributions: stochastic shifts in the expression boundaries of homeotic genes and a semi-concentric (whorled-type) organ arrangement. Other models species- or organ-specifically reproduced different types of distributions that reflect different developmental processes. The organ-number variation could be an indicator of stochasticity in organ fate determination and organ positioning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A developmental basis for stochasticity in floral organ numbers

Kitazawa

Fujimoto

2014

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Environmental factors such as temperature and salinity impact on the number of tentacles: in Membranipora membranacea (L.) the number increased (from 14 to 18) with temperature rise, but showed the opposite effect with higher levels of salinity (Amui-Vedel et al, 2011). In some fenestrates tentacle number is as low as eight (McKinney and Jackson, 1989), but this is determined by the development of zooecial denticles and does not present a measure of palaeotemperature or palaeosalinity.…”

Section: Polypide and Lophophore Morphology Pumping And Feeding Abimentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding currents: a limiting factor for disparity of Palaeozoic fenestrate bryozoans

Andrés¹,

Jackson

2015

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Developmental plasticity in a meristic character: the number of tentacles in the lophophore of a bryozoan species

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

A developmental basis for stochasticity in floral organ numbers

A developmental basis for stochasticity in floral organ numbers

Feeding currents: a limiting factor for disparity of Palaeozoic fenestrate bryozoans

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