Developmental Screening System for Patient Vibration Signals with Knee Disorder

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a simple sound signal diagnostic method to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury before and after reconstructive surgery. Sixty-five recruited participants were divided into control (n = 27) and experimental (n = 38) groups. Dynamic time warping of sound signals was applied to evaluate the healthy and injured limbs before surgery with those after surgery via analysis of variance and Z-test analysis. In the control group, the average differences among three sensing points ranged from 7.7 ± 3.4 to 18.9 ± 10.6, over the frequency range of 250 Hz to 4 kHz. In the experimental group, the average differences were between 6.2 ± 2.8 and 57.4 ± 21.3. The greatest significant wavelet coefficient difference was observed in the range of 125–250 Hz. Our preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed approach produces significant signal variations at the ACL test point (TPACL) with regard to identifying ACL injury, with swing cycles conducted within the 4-kHz band of 1–7 wavelet coefficients. Thus, wavelet analysis of knee sound can be used to evaluate the recovery status after single ACL reconstruction surgery. After a 1-year follow-up of the 38 patients with ACL injury, the frequency band difference among sensing points was reduced from 274% to approximately 600%.

A Review of the Vibration Arthrography Technique Applied to the Knee Diagnostics

“…An illustration in Figure 6 shows some of these wavelets along with measured waveforms. Chiu Ching Tuan et al [34] have executed dynamic time warping on the wavelet coefficients of signals from healthy patients and patients with a history of ligament injuries. They have concluded that those coefficients can represent a useful indicator of the degree of ligament stabilization during recovery [34].…”

Special Issue: “Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications”

“…The second one used the nullor grounded mirror and floating mirror elements to model the active devices that involved differential or multiple single-ended signals. Tuan et al [7] introduced a simple sound signal diagnostic method to evaluate the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury before and after reconstructive surgery. Dynamic time warping of sound signals was applied to evaluate the healthy and injured limbs before surgery with those after surgery via variance analysis and Z-test analysis.…”