Developments in breeding of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus: progress made and technical and legal hurdles to take

Sonnenberg, A.S.M.; Baars, J.J.P.; Gao, Wei; Visser, Richard G. F.

doi:10.1007/s00253-017-8102-2

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Agaricus bisporus , commonly known as button mushroom or white mushroom, is one of the most popular edible mushroom species and widely cultivated all over the world, especially in Europe, North America, China and Australasia 1,2 . In European countries, commercial production of A. bisporus is cultivated on a composted mixture based on wheat straw, horse or chicken manure, gypsum, and water 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulose utilization and bacterial communities of millet straw based mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production

Haolin

Wei

Wang³

et al. 2019

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Agaricus bisporus is in general cultivated on wheat and rice straw in China. However, millet straw is a potential alternative resource for Agaricus bisporus cultivation, but this has hardly been studied. In the present study, the feasibility of millet straw based mushroom production was analyzed by three successive trials. Mature compost demonstrated high quality with total nitrogen, pH, and C/N ratio of 2.0%, 7.5, and 18:1 respectively, which was suitable for mushroom mycelia growth. During composting, 47–50% of cellulose, 63–65% of hemicellulose, and 8–17% lignin were degraded, while 22–27% of cellulose, 14–16% of hemicellulose, and 15–21% of lignin were consumed by A. bisporus mycelia during cultivation. The highest FPUase and CMCase were observed during mushroom flushes. Endo-xylanase had the key role in hemicellulose degradation with high enzyme activity during cultivation stages. Laccase participated in lignin degradation with the highest enzyme activity in Pinning stage followed by a sharp decline at the first flush. Yield was up to 20 kg/m2, as this is similar to growth on wheat straw, this shows that millet straw is an effective resource for mushroom cultivation. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing during composting. The key environmental factors dominating bacterial communities of the samples were determined to be pH value, cellulose content, and hemicellulose content for prewetting and premixed phase of basic mixture (P0); moisture content for phase I (PI); and nitrogen content, lignin content, and ash content for phase II (PII), respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulose utilization and bacterial communities of millet straw based mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production

Haolin

Wei

Wang³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Despite a few beneficial traits such as resistance to some diseases 2,3 , the average quality of var. burnettii strains is poor 4 . Especially the production of abundant numbers of small mushrooms that show a quick maturation (cap opening) and asymmetric caps are considered as poor quality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Telomere-to-telomere assembled and centromere annotated genomes of the two main subspecies of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveal especially polymorphic chromosome ends

Sonnenberg

Sedaghat-Telgerd²,

Lavrijssen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Agaricus bisporus, the most cultivated edible mushroom worldwide, is represented mainly by the subspecies var. bisporus and var. burnettii. var. bisporus has a secondarily homothallic life cycle with recombination restricted to chromosome ends, while var. burnettii is heterothallic with recombination seemingly equally distributed over the chromosomes. to better understand the relationship between genomic make-up and different lifestyles, we have de novo sequenced a burnettii homokaryon and synchronised gene annotations with updated versions of the published genomes of var. bisporus. the genomes were assembled into telomere-to-telomere chromosomes and a consistent set of gene predictions was generated. the genomes of both subspecies were largely co-linear, and especially the chromosome ends differed in gene model content between the two subspecies. A single large cluster of repeats was found on each chromosome at the same respective position in all strains, harbouring nearly 50% of all repeats and likely representing centromeres. Repeats were all heavily methylated. finally, a mapping population of var. burnettii confirmed an even distribution of crossovers in meiosis, contrasting the recombination landscape of var. bisporus. The new findings using the exceptionally complete and well annotated genomes of this basidiomycete demonstrate the importance for unravelling genetic components underlying the different life cycles. The last decade has shown a sharp increase in the number of sequenced fungal genomes. Recently, the genome sequence of 90 mushrooms has been published 1 , but especially the ongoing 1,000 Fungal Genomes Project (https ://1000.funga lgeno mes.org/home/) will generate an extensive insight into the genomes of a wide range of fungal families and species. However, most genome sequences typify only one strain of a species, do not represent telomere-to-telomere chromosomes, do not have an accurate annotation of transposable elements, and centromeres remain unidentified. Especially complete and well annotated genomes of subspecies, with different life cycles, are a prerequisite to study the relation between genomic content and effects on different life cycles. A good example of a species with different life cycles is the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus, one of the most cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. It is an amphithallic basidiomycete represented mainly by two subspecies, i.e., Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus and A. bisporus var. burnettii. All commercial varieties

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“…A. bisporus mating is determined by an unifactorial mating type system [ 84 ], although there are reports of monokaryotic fruiting [ 85 ]. Commercial strains of A. bisporus are exclusively of the bisporus variety which produces spores containing 2 nuclei of opposite mating type and which are immediately capable of forming fruiting bosdies after germinating and establisment of vegetative mycelium, provided that the environmental cues are allowing it [ 86 ]. Fruiting is induced by lowering the levels of carbon dioxide and the temperature, relative humidity and speed of air circulation in a growing room.…”

Section: Building An Overview Of Pinning and The Regulation Of Invmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Factors Involved in Primordia Building in Agaricus bisporus: A Review

et al. 2020

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The button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is an economically important crop worldwide. Many aspects of its cultivation are well known, except for the precise biological triggers for its fructification. By and large, for most basidiomycete species, nutrient availability, light and a drop in temperature are critical factors for fructification. A. bisporus deviates from this pattern in the sense that it does not require light for fructification. Furthermore its fructification seems to be inhibited by a self-generated factor which needs to be removed by microorganisms in order to initiate fruiting. This review explores what is known about the morphogenesis of fruiting initiation in A. bisporus, the microflora, the self-inhibitors for fruiting initiation and transcription factors involved. This information is subsequently contrasted with an overall model of the regulatory system involved in the initiation of the formation of primordia in basidiomycetes. The comparison reveals a number of the blank spots in our understanding of the fruiting process in A. bisporus.

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Developments in breeding of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus: progress made and technical and legal hurdles to take

Cited by 54 publications

References 60 publications

Lignocellulose utilization and bacterial communities of millet straw based mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production

Lignocellulose utilization and bacterial communities of millet straw based mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) production

Telomere-to-telomere assembled and centromere annotated genomes of the two main subspecies of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveal especially polymorphic chromosome ends

Critical Factors Involved in Primordia Building in Agaricus bisporus: A Review

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