Device-associated aortic valve endocarditis due to a complicated Enterobacter cloacae urinary tract infection

Annappah, A Dilanthy; Saling, Mark; Prodafikas, B John; Badie, Al Nemr

doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01365

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…From a pathophysiological point of view, two mechanisms of IE have proved to be crucial in the treatment of IE: the role of the immune response in elderly patients with IE, and in particular after transcatheter implantation of the aortic valve, as well as the mechanisms that trigger septic shock. This latter condition leads to a substantial increase in the risk of death in patients with IE [ 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

et al. 2022

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Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes.

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

et al. 2022

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“…The pathophysiological and clinical assessments of IE involving Two mechanisms causing IE have been shown to play a substantial role in its treatment: the modulation of the immune response in older patients with IE and the use of new platforms for the treatment of structural pathologies of the heart such as the transcatheter procedure for valve replacement or repair that can trigger septic shock. The latter can lead to a substantially increased risk of death in patients with IE [51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Staphylococcal Manipulation Of Host Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–Bacterium Interaction Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: A Systematic Review

Nappi

Singh

2023

IJMS

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Staphylococci sp. are the most commonly associated pathogens in infective endocarditis, especially within high-income nations. This along with the increasing burden of healthcare, aging populations, and the protracted infection courses, contribute to a significant challenge for healthcare systems. A systematic review was conducted using relevant search criteria from PubMed, Ovid’s version of MEDLINE, and EMBASE, and data were tabulated from randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational cohort studies, meta-analysis, and basic research articles. The review was registered with the OSF register of systematic reviews and followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final systematic review. The role of Staphylococcus aureus and its interaction with the protective shield and host protection functions was identified and highlighted in several studies. The interaction between infective endocarditis pathogens, vascular endothelium, and blood constituents was also explored, giving rise to the potential use of antiplatelets as preventative and/or curative agents. Several factors allow Staphylococcus aureus infections to proliferate within the host with numerous promoting and perpetuating agents. The complex interaction with the hosts’ innate immunity also potentiates its virulence. The goal of this study is to attain a better understanding on the molecular pathways involved in infective endocarditis supported by S. aureus and whether therapeutic avenues for the prevention and treatment of IE can be obtained. The use of antibiotic-treated allogeneic tissues have marked antibacterial action, thereby becoming the ideal substitute in native and prosthetic valvular infections. However, the development of effective vaccines against S. aureus still requires in-depth studies.

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“…From a pathophysiological point of view, two mechanisms causing IE have been shown to play a substantial role in its treatment: the immune response in elderly patients with IE and the new transcatheter valve implantation-based procedure for the disease of the aortic valve, the mechanisms that trigger septic shock. The latter leads to a substantially increased risk of death in patients with IE [51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Pathways in Staphylococcus Aureus Endocarditis: a Systematic Review

Nappi¹,

Singh²

2023

Preprint

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Staphylococci sp. have become the primary pathogens implicated in infective endocarditis, especially within high-income nations. Coupled with the increasing burden of healthcare with aging populations and the protracted course the infections may take, these infections contribute to a significant challenge for healthcare. A systematic review was conducted using relevant search criteria from PubMed, Ovid’s version of MEDLINE, and EMBASE, and data were tabulated from randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational cohort studies, meta-analysis, and basic research articles. The review was registered with the OSF register of systematic reviews and followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines. 35 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final systematic review. The role of Staphylococcus aureus and its interaction with the protective shield and host protection functions is identified and highlighted in several studies. The interaction between infective endocarditis pathogens, vascular endothelium, and blood constituents is also explored giving rise to the potential use of antiplatelets as preventative and/or curative agents. Several factors allow Staphylococcus aureus infections to proliferate within the host with numerous promoting and perpetuating agents. The complex interaction with the hosts' innate immunity also potentiates its virulence. Ameliorating these molecular pathways may serve as a therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of these infections in the near future.

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Device-associated aortic valve endocarditis due to a complicated Enterobacter cloacae urinary tract infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries

Host–Bacterium Interaction Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: A Systematic Review

Molecular Pathways in Staphylococcus Aureus Endocarditis: a Systematic Review

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